Volume 8, Issue 2 (4-2023)
J Res Dent Maxillofac Sci 2023, 8(2): 154-161 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Sharif H, Aghayan S. New Approaches for Gummy Smile Treatment:
A Review. J Res Dent Maxillofac Sci 2023; 8 (2) :154-161
URL: http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-368-en.html
URL: http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-368-en.html
1- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , Shabnamaghayan@yahoo.com
2- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , Shabnamaghayan@yahoo.com
Abstract: (935 Views)
| Background and Aim: Nowadays, facial esthetics has become the main concern for many people. Gummy smile (GS) is a common complaint that affects the esthetics and psychological status of patients. The aim of this study was to review GS treatment options. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted in three databases of PubMed, Wiley and Cochrane Library from January 2015 up to August 2021. According to the eligibility criteria, a total of 41 relevant papers were retrieved and reviewed. Results: Based on the available data, several techniques have been reported for GS treatment, such as lip repositioning, crown lengthening, orthognathic surgery, laser application, botulinum toxin (BT) injection, hyaluronic acid injection, and micro autologous fat transplantation (MAFT). Combination of two or three of these techniques may yield a better result. Conclusion: A wide variety of procedures are available based on the cause of GS. The new, less invasive, faster and safer alternative techniques were shown to be feasible with a long-lasting result and minimal postoperative sequelae. Such treatment options for various types of GS can lead to significant improvement in smile esthetics with high patient satisfaction. |
Type of Study: Review article |
Subject:
Periodontology
References
1. Cengiz AF, Goymen M, Akcali C. Efficacy of botulinum toxin for treating a gummy smile. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020 Jul;158(1):50-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.07.014] [PMID]
2. Haddadi P, Zare H, Azadikhah A. Lip Repositioning, a Solution for Gummy Smile. Front Dent. 2021 Apr 22;18:15. [DOI:10.18502/fid.v18i15.6140] [PMID] [PMCID]
3. Diaspro A, Cavallini M, Piersini P, Sito G. Gummy Smile Treat-ment: Proposal for a Novel Corrective Technique and a Review of the Literature. Aesthet Surg J. 2018 Nov 12; 38 (12):1330-8. [DOI:10.1093/asj/sjy174] [PMID]
4. Mazzuco R, Hexsel D. Gummy smile and botulinum toxin: a new approach based on the gingival exposure area. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010 Dec;63(6):1042-51. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.02.053] [PMID]
5. Mangano A, Mangano A. Current strategies in the treatment of gummy smile using botulinum toxin type A. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Jun;129(6):1015e. [DOI:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31824f00a6] [PMID]
6. Polo M. Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) for the neuromuscular correction of excessive gingival display on smil-ing (gummy smile). Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008 Feb;133(2):195-203. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.04.033] [PMID]
7. Rodríguez-Martínez A, Vicente-Hernández A, Bravo-González LA. Effect of posterior gingival smile on the perception of smile esthetics. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2014 Jan 1;19(1):e82-7. [DOI:10.4317/medoral.19167] [PMID] [PMCID]
8. Duruel O, Ataman-Duruel ET, Berker E, Tözüm TF. Treatment of Various Types of Gummy Smile With Botulinum Toxin-A. J Craniofac Surg. 2019 May/Jun;30(3):876-8. [DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000005298] [PMID]
9. Mostafa D. A successful management of sever gummy smile using gingivectomy and botulinum toxin injection: A case re-port. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;42:169-74. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.11.055] [PMID] [PMCID]
10. Ganesh B, Burnice NKC, Mahendra J, Vijayalakshmi R, K AK. Laser-Assisted Lip Repositioning With Smile Elevator Muscle Containment and Crown Lengthening for Gummy Smile: A Case Report. Clin Adv Periodontics. 2019 Sep; 9(3): 135-41. [DOI:10.1002/cap.10060] [PMID]
11. Duruel O, Erduran NE, Tözüm TF. A Modification for Treat-ment of Excessive Gingival Display: Tooth-Based Lip-Repositioning Technique. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2020 May/Jun;40(3):457-61. [DOI:10.11607/prd.4465] [PMID]
12. Faus-Matoses V, Faus-Matoses I, Jorques-Zafrilla A, Faus-Llácer VJ. Lip repositioning technique. A simple surgical procedure to improve the smile harmony. J Clin Exp Dent. 2018 Apr 1;10(4):e408-e412. [DOI:10.4317/jced.54721] [PMID] [PMCID]
13. Jha N, Ryu JJ, Wahab R, Al-Khedhairy AA, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Treatment of oral hyperpigmentation and gummy smile using lasers and role of plasma as a novel treatment technique in dentistry: An introductory review. Oncotarget. 2017 Mar 21;8(12):20496-20509. [DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.14887] [PMID] [PMCID]
14. Gibson MP, Tatakis DN. Treatment of Gummy Smile of Multi-factorial Etiology: A Case Report. Clin Adv Periodontics. 2017 Nov;7(4):167-73. [DOI:10.1902/cap.2017.160074] [PMID]
15. Izraelewicz-Djebali E, Chabre C. Gummy smile: orthodontic or surgical treatment? Journal of Dentofacial Anomalies and Orthodontics. 2015;18(1):102. [DOI:10.1051/odfen/2014036]
16. Bastidas JA. Surgical Correction of the "Gummy Smile". Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2021 May;33(2):197-209. [DOI:10.1016/j.coms.2021.01.005] [PMID]
17. Ramesh A, Vellayappan R, Ravi S, Gurumoorthy K. Esthetic lip repositioning: A cosmetic approach for correction of gummy smile - A case series. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2019 May-Jun;23(3):290-4. [DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_548_18] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Kim SG, Park SS. Incidence of complications and problems related to orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 Dec;65(12):2438-44. [DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2007.05.030] [PMID]
19. Tomaz AFG, Marinho LCN, de Aquino Martins ARL, Lins RDAU, de Vasconcelos Gurgel BC. Impact of orthognathic sur-gery on the treatment of gummy smile: an integrative review. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020 Sep;24(3):283-8. [DOI:10.1007/s10006-020-00857-4] [PMID]
20. Tachiki C, Yamamoto M, Takaki T, Nishii Y. Surgical Orthodontic Treatment in Case of Severe High Angle Skeletal Class II Malocclusion and Mandibular Retrusion. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2020 Dec 16;61(4):243-53. [DOI:10.2209/tdcpublication.2020-0022] [PMID]
21. Saga AY, Araújo EA, Antelo OM, Meira TM, Tanaka OM. Non-surgical treatment of skeletal maxillary protrusion with gummy smile using headgear for growth control, mini-implants as an-chorage for maxillary incisor intrusion, and premolar extrac-tions for incisor retraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020 Feb;157(2):245-58. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.09.021] [PMID]
22. Gao X, Wang T, Song J. Orthodontic and surgical management of a patient with severe skeletal Class II deformity and facial asymmetry: A case report with a 5-year follow-up. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017 Apr; 151 (4):779-92. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.02.034] [PMID]
23. Ishida Y, Ono T. Nonsurgical treatment of an adult with a skeletal Class II gummy smile using zygomatic temporary an-chorage devices and improved superelastic nickel-titanium alloy wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017 Nov;152(5):693-705. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.09.030] [PMID]
24. Mercado-García J, Rosso P, Gonzalvez-García M, Colina J, Fernández JM. Gummy Smile: Mercado-Rosso Classification System and Dynamic Restructuring with Hyaluronic Acid. Aes-thetic Plast Surg. 2021 Oct;45(5):2338-49. [DOI:10.1007/s00266-021-02169-8] [PMID] [PMCID]
25. Pedron IG, Mangano A. Gummy Smile Correction Using Botulinum Toxin With Respective Gingival Surgery. J Dent (Shi-raz). 2018 Sep;19(3):248-52.
26. Myung Y, Woo K, Kim ST. Treatment of gummy smile using botulinum toxin: a review. Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science. 2021;37(2):61-72. [DOI:10.14368/jdras.2021.37.2.61]
27. Suber JS, Dinh TP, Prince MD, Smith PD. OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of a "gummy smile". Aesthet Surg J. 2014 Mar;34(3):432-7. [DOI:10.1177/1090820X14527603] [PMID]
28. Souza FCG, da Silva SR, Neto ALSA, Shitsuka C, Pedron IG. Gingivoplasty and Botulinum Toxin Application to Improve Gummy Smile: Case Report. SVOA Dentistry. 2021;2(3):109-14.
29. Duruel O, Ataman-Duruel ET, Tözüm TF, Berker E. Ideal Dose and Injection Site for Gummy Smile Treatment with Botu-linum Toxin-A: A Systematic Review and Introduction of a Case Study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2019 Jul/ Aug;39(4):e167-e173. [DOI:10.11607/prd.3580] [PMID]
30. Araujo JP, Cruz J, Oliveira JX, Canto AM. Botulinum Toxin Type-A as an alternative treatment for gummy smile: a case report. Dermatol Online J. 2018 Jul 15;24(7):13030/qt 75 f0h8kz. [DOI:10.5070/D3247040926] [PMID]
31. Hsien-Li Peng P, Peng JH. Treating the Gummy Smile With Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection. Dermatol Surg. 2019 Mar;45(3):478-80. [DOI:10.1097/DSS.0000000000001563] [PMID]
32. Huang SH, Huang YH, Lin YN, Lee SS, Chou CK, Lin TY, Takahashi H, Kuo YR, Lai CS, Lin SD, Lin TM. Micro-Autologous Fat Transplantation for Treating a Gummy Smile. Aesthet Surg J. 2018 Aug 16;38(9):925-37. [DOI:10.1093/asj/sjy069] [PMID] [PMCID]
33. Mate PP, Nilesh K, Joshi A, Panda A. Clinical and electromyographic evaluation of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of gummy smile: A prospective clinical study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2021 Spring;15(2):122-8. [DOI:10.34172/joddd.2021.021] [PMID] [PMCID]
34. Das A, Mondal D, Chordia R, Chatterji A. Decision-making process for esthetic treatment of gummy smile: A surgical per-spective. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2021 Nov-Dec; 25(6): 560-4. [DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_879_20] [PMID] [PMCID]
35. Alammar A, Heshmeh O, Mounajjed R, Goodson M, Hamadah O. A comparison between modified and conventional surgical techniques for surgical lip repositioning in the management of the gummy smile. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018 Nov;30(6):523-31. [DOI:10.1111/jerd.12433] [PMID]
36. Waldrop TC. Gummy Smiles: The Challenge of Gingival Excess: Prevalence and Guidelines for Clinical Management. Seminars in Orthodontics. 2008;14: 260-71. [DOI:10.1053/j.sodo.2008.07.004]
37. Garber DA, Salama MA. The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment. Periodontol 2000. 1996 Jun;11:18-28. [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00179.x] [PMID]
38. Ser Yun JB, Luo M, Yin Y, Zhi Hui VL, Fang B, Han XL. Etiology-Based Treatment Strategy for Excessive Gingival Display: Liter-ature Review. World Journal of Surgery and Surgical Research. 2019; 2: 1103.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
