Journal of Research in Dental
and Maxillofacial Sciences
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2026)
J Res Dent Maxillofac Sci 2026, 11(3): 220-231 |
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Ethics code: IR.TUMS.DENTISTRY.REC.1404.086
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Moshkbouy E, Mokhtari S, Baniebrahimi G, Davaie S, Kharazifard M J. Comparative Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Self-Assembling Peptide on Microhardness, Qualitative Surface Morphology, and Remineralization of Incipient Enamel Lesions in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study. J Res Dent Maxillofac Sci 2026; 11 (3) :220-231
URL: http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-1570-en.html
URL: http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-1570-en.html
Elham Moshkbouy1 
, Saeedeh Mokhtari1 , Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi *2 , Sotoudeh Davaie3 , Mohammad Javad Kharazifard4
, Saeedeh Mokhtari1 , Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi *2 , Sotoudeh Davaie3 , Mohammad Javad Kharazifard4
1- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,ghazalebaniebrahimi@gmail.com
3- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. & Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,
3- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. & Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (10 Views)
Background and Aim: This study compared the effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and self-assembling peptide (SAP) on microhardness, qualitative surface morphology, and remineralization of artificially induced incipient enamel lesions in primary teeth.
Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted primary molars were included in this in vitro study. Thirty-six teeth were selected for microhardness testing and exposed to a demineralizing solution for 36 hours to induce incipient enamel lesions. The samples were randomly assigned to SDF, SAP, and untreated control groups (n=12 each) and were subsequently stored in artificial saliva under pH-cycling conditions for 45 days. Vickers microhardness was recorded at baseline, after lesion formation, and after the remineralization period. Twenty-four other teeth underwent environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to examine their enamel surface morphology after the demineralization/remineralization cycles. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and a repeated-measures general linear model (alpha=0.05).
Results: Baseline microhardness did not differ significantly among the groups (P=0.564). Demineralization significantly reduced enamel microhardness in all groups, without a significant intergroup difference (P=0.778). Following remineralization, microhardness differed significantly among the groups; both SAP (P<0.001) and SDF (P=0.004) produced higher values than the control. Time (P<0.001) and interaction of time and group (P<0.001) significantly affected the microhardness. ESEM observations showed the most organized mineral/crystal reformation in the SAP-treated samples, followed by those treated with SDF.
Conclusion: In this in vitro study, SDF and SAP comparably improved the microhardness of demineralized primary enamel. ESEM findings suggested a more favorable structural reorganization and remineralization pattern after SAP application.
Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted primary molars were included in this in vitro study. Thirty-six teeth were selected for microhardness testing and exposed to a demineralizing solution for 36 hours to induce incipient enamel lesions. The samples were randomly assigned to SDF, SAP, and untreated control groups (n=12 each) and were subsequently stored in artificial saliva under pH-cycling conditions for 45 days. Vickers microhardness was recorded at baseline, after lesion formation, and after the remineralization period. Twenty-four other teeth underwent environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to examine their enamel surface morphology after the demineralization/remineralization cycles. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and a repeated-measures general linear model (alpha=0.05).
Results: Baseline microhardness did not differ significantly among the groups (P=0.564). Demineralization significantly reduced enamel microhardness in all groups, without a significant intergroup difference (P=0.778). Following remineralization, microhardness differed significantly among the groups; both SAP (P<0.001) and SDF (P=0.004) produced higher values than the control. Time (P<0.001) and interaction of time and group (P<0.001) significantly affected the microhardness. ESEM observations showed the most organized mineral/crystal reformation in the SAP-treated samples, followed by those treated with SDF.
Conclusion: In this in vitro study, SDF and SAP comparably improved the microhardness of demineralized primary enamel. ESEM findings suggested a more favorable structural reorganization and remineralization pattern after SAP application.
Keywords: Dental enamel, Hardness, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Silver Diamine Fluoride, Tooth, Deciduous, Tooth remineralization
Type of Study: Original article |
Subject:
pediatric
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