1. Vahedi H, Merat S, Momtahen S, Olfati G, Kazzazi A-S, Tabrizian T, et al. Epidemiologic characteristics of 500 patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Iran studied from 2004 through 2007. Arch Iran Med 2009;12(5):454-60.
2. Malekzadeh F, Alberti C, Nouraei M, Vahedi H, Zaccaria I, Meinzer U, et al. Crohn’s disease and early exposure to domestic refrigeration. PLoS One 2009;4(1):e4288.
3. Galbraith SS, Drolet BA, Kugathasan S, Paller AS, Esterly NB. Asymptomatic inflammatory bowel disease presenting with mucocutaneous findings. Pediatrics 2005;116(3):e439-e44.
4. Lourenço SV, Hussein TP, Bologna SB, Sipahi AM, Nico MM. Oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: a review based on the observation of six cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010;24(2):204-7.
5. Ruiz Serrato A, Marín García D, Guerrero León MA, Vallejo Herrera MJ, Villar Jiménez J, Cárdenas Lafuente F, et al. Palpebral ptosis, a rare ocular manifestation of Crohn's disease. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2013;88(8):323-6.
6. Katz J, Shenkman A, Stavropoulos F, Melzer E. Oral signs and symptoms in relation to disease activity and site of involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Oral Dis 2003;9(1):34-40.
7. Benchimol EI, Fortinsky KJ, Gozdyra P, Van den Heuvel M, Van Limbergen J, Griffiths AM. Epidemiology of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of international trends. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17(1):423-39.
8. Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Crohn's disease. Lancet 2012;380(9853):1590-605.
9. Chi AC, Neville BW, Krayer JW, Gonsalves WC. Oral manifestations of systemic disease. Am Fam Physician 2010;82(11):1381-8.
10. 1
11. Merigo E, Fornaini C, Manfredi M, Meleti M, Alberici F, Corcione L, et al. Orofacial granulomatosis treated with low-level laser therapy: a case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012;113(6):e25-9.
12. Mays JW,Sarmadi M,Moutsopoulos NM. Oral manifestations of systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: diagnosis and clinical management. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2012;12(3 Suppl):265-82.
13. Longui CA.Glucocorticoid therapy:minimizing side effects. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2007;83(5 Suppl):S163-77.
14. William T, Marsch WC, Schmidt F, Kreft B. Early oral presentation of Crohn's disease. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2007;5(8):678-9.
15. Dupuy A, Cosnes J, Revuz J, Delchier JC, Gendre JP, Cosnes A. Oral Crohn disease: clinical characteristics and long-term follow-up of 9 cases. Arch Dermatol 1999;135(4):439-42.
16. Mignogna MD, Fortuna G, Leuci S, Amato M. Oral Crohn's disease: a favorable clinical response with delayed-release triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injections. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103(11):2954-5.
17. Zbar AP, Ben-Horin S, Beer-Gabel M, Eliakim R. Oral Crohn's disease: Is it a separable disease from orofacial granulomatosis? A review. J Crohns Colitis 2012;6(2):135-42.
18. Stavropoulos F, Katz J, Guelmann M, Bimstein E. Oral ulcerations as a sign of Crohn's disease in a pediatric patient: a case report. Pediatric dent 2004;26(4):355-8.
19. Girlich C, Bogenrieder T, Palitzsch KD, Schölmerich J, Lock G. Orofacial granulomatosis as initial manifestation of Crohn's disease: a report of two cases. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14(8):873-6.
20. Mignogna MD, Fedele S, Lo Russo L, Lo Muzio L. Orofacial granulomatosis with gingival onset. J Clin Periodontol 2001;28(7):692-6.
21. Grave B, McCullough M, Wiesenfeld D. Orofacial granulomatosis–a 20‐year review. Oral Dis 2009;15(1):46-51.
22. Chaudhry SI, Philpot NS, Odell EW, Challacombe SJ, Shirlaw PJ. Pyostomatitis vegetans associated with asymptomatic ulcerative colitisA case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;87(3):327-30.
23. Merkourea SS, Tosios KI, Merkoureas S, Sklavounou-Andrikopoulou A. Pyostomatitis vegetans leading to Crohn's disease diagnosis. Ann Gastroenterol 2013;26(2):187.
24. Brinkmeier T, Frosch PJ. Pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans: a clinical course of two decades with response to cyclosporine and low-dose prednisolone. Acta Derm Venereol 2001;81(2):134-6.
25. Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Newman RA, Aggarwal BB. Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and promises. Mol Pharm 2007;4(6):807-18.
26. Bogenrieder T, Rogler G, Vogt T, Landthaler M, Stolz W. Orofacial granulomatosis as the initial presentation of Crohn’s disease in an adolescent. Dermatology 2003;206(3):273-8.
27. Ciacci C, Bucci C, Zingone F, Iovino P, Amato M. Buccal localization of Crohn’s disease with long-term infliximab therapy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014;30;8:397.
28. Chandras S,Tripathi AK,Mishra S,Amzarul M,Vaish AK.physiological changes in hematological parameters during pregnancy. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2012;28(3):144-6.
29. Maccioni F, Bruni A, Viscido A, Colaiacomo MC, Cocco A, Montesani C, et al. MR Imaging in Patients with Crohn Disease: Value of T2-versus T1-weighted Gadolinium-enhanced MR Sequences with Use of an Oral Superparamagnetic Contrast Agent. Radiology 2006;238(2):517-30.
30. Sanderson J, Nunes C, Escudier M, Barnard K, Shirlaw P, Odell E, et al. Oro‐facial granulomatosis: Crohn's disease or a new inflammatory bowel disease? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2005;11(9):840-6.
31. Leao JC, Hodgson T, Scully C, Porter S. Review article: orofacial granulomatosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20(10):1019-27.
32. Baert F, Moortgat L, Van Assche G, Caenepeel P, Vergauwe P, De Vos M, et al. Mucosal healing predicts sustained clinical remission in patients with early-stage Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2010;138(2):463-8.
33. Terdiman JP, Gruss CB, Heidelbaugh JJ, Sultan S, Falck–Ytter YT. American Gastroenterological Association institute guideline on the use of thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti–TNF-α biologic drugs for the induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2013;145(6):1459-63.
34. Bokhari SA1, Khan AA, Butt AK, Azhar M, Hanif M, Izhar M et, al. Non‐surgical periodontal therapy reduces coronary heart disease risk markers: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol 2012;39(11):1065-74.
35. Canavan C, Abrams KR, Mayberry J. Meta‐analysis: colorectal and small bowel cancer risk in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23(8):1097-104.