@article{ 
author = {Fakhari, Nooshin and Mirjani, Ali Reza and Bagheri, Abbas and Modaresi, Jalil},  
title = {Solubility of Endoseal and AH26 Root Canal Sealers}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Solubility of endodontic sealers should not exceed 3wt% in 24 hours. High solubility of sealers leads to gap formation and leakage through the canal wall and root filling material interface. This study aimed to compare the solubility of Endoseal and AH26 endodontic sealers. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 10 specimens with the same dimensions were fabricated from Endoseal and AH26 sealers (n=5 from each). After complete setting and initial weighing, each specimen was placed in a separate container containing 50 cc of distilled water and incubated at 37°C. The weight loss of specimens was calculated using a digital scale after 1, 3, 7, and 30 days of immersion. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23 using t-test and repeated measures ANOVA (alpha=0.05).  Results: The overall mean weight of the two groups at different time points was not significantly different (P=0.453). Nevertheless, a significant weight change was observed in both the AH26 and Endoseal groups over time (P=0.0001). The solubility of AH26 increased while the solubility of Endoseal decreased with time (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The solubility of both sealers was within the acceptable range according to the ANSI/ADA in the first 24 hours after setting. Both sealers experienced significant weight change over time, which was ascending in AH26 and descending in Endoseal.  },  
Keywords = {Epoxy Resin AH-26, Root Canal Therapy, Solubility},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-7}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.1.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-522-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-522-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hejazi, Maryam and Eskandari, Fateme and SahebKaram, Iman and Asheghi, Bahar},  
title = {To What Extent Does Isolation Precaution Training Affect the Mean Scores of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Iranian Dental Students?}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Dental healthcare professionals may encounter various infectious diseases which necessitate the application of isolation precautions. This study aimed to assess the effects of isolation precaution training on the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of Iranian dental students. Materials and Methods: This questionnaire-based study was carried out on 80 participants including 40 undergraduate and 40 postgraduate dental students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. A self-administered questionnaire including three scales of knowledge, attitude, and practice was used for data collection. A pamphlet was also distributed among the participants regarding infection control isolation precautions. After 4 weeks, the participants were asked to fill out the same questionnaire again. Paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation test were used to statistically analyze the data (alpha=0.05).    Results: The mean knowledge score was significantly higher in postgraduate than undergraduate dental students (P=0.030). The mean knowledge scores of postgraduate (P=0.032) and undergraduate (P=0.001) dental students significantly improved after the intervention. The intervention also significantly increased the mean attitude score of postgraduate dental students (P=0.016). A positive linear correlation was detected between practice and attitude (r=0.244, P<0.05). Conclusion: The mean knowledge and attitude scores of postgraduate and undergraduate dental students in the present study were higher than those of previous studies. However, the mean practice score was poor. Moreover, isolation precaution training increased the mean scores of knowledge and attitude. More equipment and continuous educational programs in accordance with the guidelines are needed.  },  
Keywords = {Attitude, Dentistry, Infection Control, Knowledge},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {8-14}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.1.8},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-487-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-487-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Esfahanizadeh, Gholamreza and Kooshki, Reza and Karimipoor, Hamed and Rastin, Verishe},  
title = {In Vitro Effects of Chlorhexidine and Listerine Mouthwashes on Color Stability of Glazed Bilayer Zirconia and IPS E.Max Ceramics}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and Listerine mouthwashes on color stability of glazed bilayer zirconia and IPs e.max ceramics. Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 36 glazed bilayer zirconia and IPS e.max ceramic specimens. The baseline CIE L*a*b* color parameters of specimens were measured by a spectrophotometer. The bilayer zirconia and IPS e.max ceramic specimens were then randomly assigned to two subgroups for immersion in 10 mL of 0.2% CHX (n=9) and 10 mL of Listerine (n=9). The specimens were immersed in the respective solutions for 2 minutes daily for 7 days. Next, their color parameters were spectrophotometrically measured again. The color change (∆E) of ceramics in the three groups was calculated and compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test and two-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05).    Results: The L*, a*, and b* color parameters of glazed bilayer zirconia and IPs e.max ceramic specimens were not significantly different at baseline (P=0.8) or after the intervention (P=0.6). The ∆E of the subgroups was not significantly different either (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both glazed bilayer zirconia and IPs e.max ceramics showed clinically acceptable color stability (∆E<3.3) following immersion in CHX and Listerine mouthwashes.},  
Keywords = {Color, Chlorhexidine, Listerine, Mouthwashes, Ceramics},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {15-20}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.1.15},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-507-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-507-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ebrahimi, kowsar and Alaee, Arezoo and Haraji, Afshi},  
title = {Attitude and Professionalism in Education of Residents at the School of Dentistry of Islamic Azad University of Tehran}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Positive attitude of dentists towards the professional ethical principles can improve the quality of provided services and minimize occupational stress. This study aimed to assess the attitude and professionalism in education of dental residents at the School of Dentistry of Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all dental residents attending the School of Dentistry of Islamic Azad University in Tehran in 2022. Data were collected using the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) professionalism questionnaire, which was translated to Persian by Aramesh, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. This questionnaire includes two parts of (I) demographic information, and (II) questions regarding the perception of professionalism at work (totally 17 questions) in four main domains of excellence, honor/integrity, altruism/respect, and empathy. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and regression test.  Results: Of 57 dental residents, 26.3% were males and 73.7% were females. The mean total score of professionalism was found to be 114.96±23.45 out of 153, and the overall percentage of professionalism was calculated to be 75.13%±15.33% out of 100%. The percentage of professionalism score in the third-year and higher residents was 8% higher than that in second-year residents (P=0.052). The mean percentage of professionalism score was not significantly correlated with the field of specialty, gender, age, participation in related courses, or grade point average (GPA) (P>0.05). Conclusion: It appears that attitude and professionalism of dental residents of School of Dentistry of Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 2022 were optimal. The honor/integrity domain acquired the highest, and the altruism/respect domain gained the lowest score.  },  
Keywords = {Professionalism, Students, Dental, Education, Dental},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {21-27}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.1.21},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-511-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-511-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mokhtari, Hadi and Ghasemi, Negin and Firouzi, Negin and SoroushBarhaghi, Mohammad Hossein and Sokhandani, Davoo},  
title = {Cleaning Efficacy of Mtwo and BioRaCe Rotary Systems: A Microbiological Evaluation}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Effective cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is an essential part of a successful root canal treatment and is considered as one of the basic features of rotary instruments. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of two types of nickel-titanium rotary files namely BioRaCe and Mtwo, in reduction of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) count in the root canal system. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 50 extracted human single-rooted teeth were assigned to two groups plus a positive and a negative control group (20 samples in each group). First, the root canals were sterilized and were then inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC: 11700). Subsequently, all the root canals were instrumented with BioRaCe and Mtwo nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Then, samples were collected from inside the root canals and cultured in a special medium to evaluate the remaining colonies. The Chi-square goodness of fit test was used to assess the difference in bacterial colony count after root canal preparation with the two rotary systems (alpha=0.05).  Results: Complete bacterial growth was observed in both the BioRaCe and Mtwo groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding bacterial elimination from the root canal system (P>0.05). Conclusion: Under the limitations of the current study, the two rotary systems exhibited no superiority over each other in terms of their ability to eliminate microorganisms from the root canal system.  },  
Keywords = {Enterococcus Faecalis, Root Canal Therapy, Root Canal Preparation},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {28-34}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.1.28},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-484-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-484-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Azad, Azita and Haghnegahdar, Abdolaziz and Ghapanchi, Janan and Hakimelahi, Ali and Mansouri, Zahr},  
title = {Panoramic Radiographic Features of Patients with Acute Leukemia and Lymphoma who Are Candidates for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Hematopoietic malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma may present several complications. This study aimed to evaluate the panoramic radiographic features of patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma who are candidates for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 63 panoramic radiographs of HSCT candidates (25 females, 38 males, between 16-75 years) and 62 healthy individuals (25 females, 37 males, between 16-73 years) were evaluated in Shiraz, Iran. Osteoporosis, pathological radiolucencies, pathological calcifications, cortical bone thickness, periodontal disease, condylar degeneration, and other alveolar bone findings were recorded. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests (alpha=0.05).  Results: The thickness of nasal floor cortical bone, mandibular inferior cortex, and mandibular canal cortex was significantly lower in the patient group than the healthy group (P<0.05). Other abnormalities such as changes in periodontal ligament width, lamina dura thickness, and condylar degeneration were also more prevalent in HSCT patients compared to healthy controls (P≤0.05). Conclusion: It appears that panoramic views provide reliable information for detection of osteopenia and osteoporosis in HSCT patients. This may reduce the use of expensive and invasive diagnostic workups with radiation exposure to detect low bone density in this group of compromised patients.  },  
Keywords = {Jaw Abnormalities, Radiography, Panoramic, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {35-42}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.1.35},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-513-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-513-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abdal, Khadijeh and Yari, Azar and Bonyadi, Mahtab and Shafiei, Elham},  
title = {Predictive Role of Ectopic Calcifications on Digital Panoramic Radiographs in the West of Iran}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Although soft tissue calcifications are relatively common and are commonly seen on panoramic radiographs, few studies have reported their causes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between systemic diseases and ectopic calcifications. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the study population included patients referred to the Radiology Department of two specialized dental clinics in Ilam and Kermanshah cities from 2020-2021. A total of 1000 participants were voluntarily examined. The collected data were analyzed using the correlation and logistic regression tests.  Results: The prevalence of calcifications was 39.4% in Ilam and 27.6% in Kermanshah. Also, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between systemic diseases and calcifications (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between systemic diseases and calcifications was r=0.76 (P=0.02) in Ilam, and r=0.84 (P=0.00) in Kermanshah. Age and sex could not predict calcifications (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, calcifications on panoramic radiographs may serve as a predictor for presence of systemic diseases.  },  
Keywords = {Prevalence, Calcification, Physiologic, Calcinosis, 
Radiography, Panoramic, Iran},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {43-48}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.1.43},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-435-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-435-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Taheri, Seyyed Solmaz and Farsadeghi, Mahya and Mostanadi, Maedeh and Ansari, Amin and Ghasemi, Nikoo and Rafieyan, So},  
title = {Oral Health Literacy and Its Correlation with Socioeconomic Status in an Iranian Population}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the oral health literacy (OHL) and its correlation with socioeconomic status (SES) in residents of Zanjan city, Iran by introducing a new questionnaire for this purpose. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,513 individuals residing in Zanjan city, Iran, in 2019. The demographic information, OHL, and SES of the participants were evaluated by using relevant questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaire designed for assessment of OHL was evaluated by calculation of the intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha, while its validity was assessed by calculation of content validity index and content validity ratio. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05).  Results: Data of 1,513 individuals with a mean age of 33.3±9.93 years were analyzed, including 59.6% males and 40.4% females. The Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient were found to be 0.71 and 0.81, respectively. OHL was inadequate in 29.1%, marginal in 37.4%, and adequate in 33.4% of the participants. The mean level of OHL of females was higher than males. Those with low SES had low OHL and this correlation was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The OHL of the study population was moderate. Since there is no specific practical method for enhancement of OHL of the general population, educational OHL programs are recommended with particular attention to older individuals and those with lower SES.  },  
Keywords = {Oral Health, Dental Health Surveys, Patient Health Questionnaire},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {49-56}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.1.49},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-503-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-503-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sinha, Devanshu and Sinha, Ishik},  
title = {Autogenous Bone Grafting for Treatment of a Complex Odontoma: A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Complex odontomas are commonly found in the anterior maxilla and mandible, and are typically asymptomatic unless they cause tooth displacement or other complications. Management of odontomas depends on the size and location of the lesion, and may include surgical excision and bone grafting. Case Presentation: This case report presents a rare case of complex odontoma in a 20-year-old female patient complaining of a maxillary malposed tooth along with a swelling for the past 5 years. The patient underwent excision of the lesion along with extraction of the affected tooth and autogenous bone grafting of the defect site. Histopathological analysis confirmed the provisional diagnosis of odontoma. Conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of proper diagnosis and management of odontomas to prevent potential complications.  },  
Keywords = {Odontoma, Autografts, Maxilla, Mandible},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {57-60}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.1.57},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-508-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-508-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghodrati, Hoda and MonemMoharrer, Sara and Azizi, Arash},  
title = {Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma: A New Approach for Management of Periodontitis and Peri-implantitis}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Plasma is commonly known as the fourth state of matter. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) is a new, simple, and non-invasive approach that has become popular in various fields. Due to its potential antibacterial properties, it has become a widely used disinfectant in clinical science. It has even been employed for therapeutic purposes, such as cancer treatment and wound healing. This review aims to introduce CAPP as a new approach for management of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles published between 2000 and 2023 using the keywords: “plasma gases”, “non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma”, “cold atmospheric pressure plasma”, “cold plasma”, “periodontal”, “periodontitis” and “peri-implantitis”.  Results: The results showed that CAPP is effective for reducing the bacterial load and inflammation, modification of implant surfaces, promoting tissue regeneration, and improvement of clinical parameters. The use of CAPP in periodontal therapy and management of peri-implantitis is still in its early stages but studies have shown promising results. Conclusion: CAPP appears to be a promising adjuvant therapy for periodontitis and management of peri-implantitis. However, further clinical studies are needed to fully explore its potential and determine its effectiveness for this purpose.  },  
Keywords = {Peri-implantitis, Periodontitis, Plasma Gases},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {61-70}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.1.61},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-527-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-527-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Karimi, Mohammad Reza and Sadatmansouri, Saeed and Anoush, Ghazal and Montazeri, Mostafa and Taheri, Nastar},  
title = {Effect of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive on Palatal Wound Healing Following Free Gingival Grafting: A Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study investigated the effect of applying cyanoacrylate adhesive on clinical indices involved in the healing process of the palatal wound following free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 15 patients who required bilateral FGG harvesting were randomly assigned to two groups. In the suture group, the wound was closed by Vicryl 4-0 sutures; whereas in the control group, the wound closure and hemostasis were attained by applying a concentrated mixture of n-butyl and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. The primary outcomes included pain according to a visual analog scale (VAS), discomfort, healing rate, early and late bleeding, ease of feeding, wound epithelization rate, and sensory disturbances within one week and three months following the surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests (alpha=0.05).  Results: Cyanoacrylate application on the wound was significantly faster than suturing (2.12±1.23 minutes vs. 8.42±2.24 minutes, P<0.0001). The mean postoperative pain score (P=0.015), patient discomfort (P=0.017), and healing rate (P=0.024) were significantly more favorable in the cyanoacrylate group compared to the control group during the first week after surgery. Rate of wound epithelialization showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Application of cyanoacrylate adhesive to enhance the healing of palatal donor site wound decreased pain and discomfort and enhanced healing during the first postoperative week. In general, cyanoacrylate application is comparable to suturing in palatal wound healing and may be used for faster (by 6 minutes) closure of FGG wounds.  },  
Keywords = {Tissue adhesives, Wound healing, Cyanoacrylates, Transplantation, Gingiva, Pain, Postoperative},
volume = {9},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {71-79}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.2.71},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-485-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-485-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tabrizi, Reza and Safavi, Mahsa and MalekiGorji, Mohsen and Torabzadeh, Maji},  
title = {Does Keratinized Mucosa Width Affect Marginal Bone Loss Around Dental Implants in Over Dentures? A Longitudinal Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Keratinized mucosa width (KMW) has an essential role in peri-implant health. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of KMW on marginal bone loss (MBL) around overdenture-supported dental implants. Materials and Methods: In this cohort study, completely edentulous patients received an overdenture with implants in the maxilla and mandible. Two implants were placed in the maxilla and mandible. Ball attachments were used. KMW was measured, and gingival biotype was determined. MBL was evaluated on digital parallel radiographs taken at 12 and 24 months after loading. KMW was the predictive factor, and MBL was the outcome of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 via Pearson’s correlation test, independent t-test, and Chi-square test (alpha=0.05).  Results: Eighty implants in 20 patients were studied. The mean KMW was 2.05±0.88 mm. The mean MBL was 1.32±0.46 mm at 12 months after loading, and 1.71±0.49 mm at 24 months after loading. Analysis of the data demonstrated a correlation between MBL at 12 and 24 months after loading with KMW and dental implant diameter (P<0.001). Conclusion: It appears that narrow KMW may be associated with an increase in MBL in two-implant-supported overdentures. Gingival biotype may play a role in the detrimental effect of narrow keratinized mucosa on MBL.  },  
Keywords = {Alveolar Bone Loss, Dental Implants, Gingiva, Mouth Mucosa},
volume = {9},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {80-85}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.2.80},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-548-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-548-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {poorian, Behnaz and Derhami, Hedie and Jafari, Farbod and Samadizadeh, Samad and BaniAsad, Nim},  
title = {Comparison of the Impact of Chin Augmentation Treatments by Genioplasty versus Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection on Facial Attractiveness of Patients with Mild to Moderate Microgenia}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Sliding genioplasty is employed to correct a broad spectrum of chin abnormalities, encompassing horizontal and vertical augmentation and horizontal and vertical reduction. Injectable soft tissue fillers offer a less invasive alternative to genioplasty. This study aimed to compare the esthetic outcomes of chin augmentation using the abovementioned two methods. Materials and Methods: This comparative interventional study enrolled 36 patients with mild to moderate microgenia presenting to the Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences. They were candidates for chin contour correction through sliding genioplasty or hyaluronic acid filler injection (n=18 in each group). Photographs were obtained before and 3 months after genioplasty surgery and 1 month after filler injection. Subsequently, the images were evaluated by 10 oral and maxillofacial surgeons, 10 orthodontists, and 20 laypersons, using a visual analog scale (VAS) to appraise facial attractiveness after treatment. Comparisons were made by independent t-test (alpha=0.05).  Results: Orthodontists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons found no significant difference between the two methods in terms of facial aesthetics post-procedure (P>0.05). However, laypersons gave higher esthetic scores to genioplasty (P=0.02). Conclusion: Based on the present results, orthodontists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons did not identify any significant difference in facial attractiveness between sliding genioplasty and hyaluronic acid filler injection. However, laypersons tended to rate genioplasty more favorably.    },  
Keywords = {Genioplasty, Dermal Fillers, Chin, Cosmetic Techniques, Hyaluronic Acid},
volume = {9},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {86-93}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.2.86},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-539-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-539-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mirmohammadi, Kamal and Fattahi, Shirin and Tavakoli, Fatemeh and Tashakor, Ali},  
title = {Prevalence of Dysplasia in Oral Lichen Planus Patients}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease usually diagnosed based on clinical and histopathological findings. Prognostic evaluation of malignant transformation in LP is clinically and histologically complex. Due to the inconsistent results of previous studies regarding the prevalence of dysplastic changes in LP, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dysplasia in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on biopsy samples of OLP patients referred to Tabriz Dental Faculty from 2012 to 2020. The diagnosis of OLP was based on the World Health Organization criteria, which was confirmed by reassessment of the microscopic slides by a pathologist. The clinical subtype of OLP samples was specified based on the information present in patient files. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test using SPSS 17 (alpha=0.05).  Results: The buccal mucosa was the most commonly involved area (27 out of 36 cases). The tongue ranked next (10 out of 36 cases). The most common clinical subtype was reticular form with 23 cases (63.9%). In 8 cases (21.9%), epithelial dysplasia was observed; of which, 7 cases were grade I and 1 was grade II. Among the observed dysplastic features, nuclear hyperchromatosis and enlarged nucleus had the highest incidence (11.1%). Conclusion: The percentage of dysplasia in OLP specimens was not high in the study population. However, considering the risk of transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), accurate diagnosis of SCC based on history, and clinical and histopathological findings is critical. In case of histopathological detection of dysplasia, long-term follow-up of patients is necessary.    },  
Keywords = {Lichen Planus, Oral, Prevalence, Squamous Cell Carcinoma},
volume = {9},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {94-99}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.2.94},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-531-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-531-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Asadollahi, Kiarash and Golestaneh, Arash and MalekiGorji, Mohsen and Kheiri, Ai},  
title = {Influential Factors on Selection of Implant Treatment by Patients and Their Correlation with Outcome Satisfaction}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the influential factors on selection of implant treatment by patients and their correlation with outcome satisfaction. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 135 patients requiring dental implant treatment. Information regarding the influential factors on selection of implant treatment by patients was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire, and the correlation of influential factors with outcome satisfaction was analyzed by the Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05).  Results: Advice from dentists was the most common reason (50.4%) for selection of implant treatment. Knowledge of patients about implant treatment had a significant correlation with their outcome satisfaction (P=0.003) but had no correlation with dental clinician’s satisfaction with the treatment outcome (P=0.054). Knowledge of patients about implant treatment had a significant correlation with the time interval between the date of advice from their dentist and time of seeking dental implant treatment (P=0.024), and their level of education (P<0.001). Conclusion: Patients had optimal knowledge level about implant treatment, and dentists had the most important role in knowledge enhancement of patients and convincing them to seek dental implant treatment. Knowledge level of patients had a significant correlation with their satisfaction with the outcome.  },  
Keywords = {Dental Implants, Patient Satisfaction, Knowledge},
volume = {9},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {100-109}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.2.100},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-532-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-532-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Alwan, Maryam Hameed and Zaki, Salim M},  
title = {Relationship between Third Molar Impaction and Extraction, and Awareness about the Associated Potential Risks}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Third molar teeth usually erupt during the late adolescence or early adulthood and may cause various dental problems, such as impaction or overcrowding, if they do not erupt properly. This study aimed to explore the relationship between third molar impaction, and extraction, and to evaluate the impact of awareness about the associated potential risks and benefits on post-extraction complications. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Baghdad College of Dentistry, targeting undergraduate dental students. A questionnaire was sent to 333 dental students. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS version 27. The Spearman and Kendall's tau rank correlation coefficients were used to measure the strength and direction of the relationship among the variables.    Results: Third molar impaction was more common in individuals aged 19 to 21 years. A significant correlation was found between the age of onset of symptoms related to third molars and the occurrence of impaction (P=0.006, correlation coefficient=0.144). Also, a significant correlation existed between age and extraction of impacted third molars (P=0.01, correlation coefficient= 0.268). The linear regression R2 value indicated that 14.1% of the reduction in complications was attributed to the level of awareness regarding the associated potential risks and benefits. Conclusion: This study highlighted the high prevalence of third molar impaction in young adults and the importance of its early detection and intervention. The findings underscored the significance of age and awareness in predicting and managing complications associated with impacted third molars.  },  
Keywords = {Tooth, Impacted, Tooth Extraction, Molar, Third},
volume = {9},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {110-116}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.2.110},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-540-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-540-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mafi, Sahar and Ghahremani, Farhad and Rahmani, Mahmood and Alaee, Arezoo},  
title = {Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0 for Determination of TMJ Pain}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The Graded Chronic Pain Scale version 2.0 (GCPS 2.0) has no Persian version for use on the Iranian population. Thus, this study aimed to validate the Persian version of this scale. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 patients with chronic pain who filled out the GCPS 2.0. The 8-item self-report GCPS 2.0 was first translated to Persian. The validity of its Persian version was examined by a group of 7 expert specialists and calculation of the content validity index. The test-retest method was used to measure the reliability of the Persian version of GCPS 2.0. The Bartlett's test, KMO index, and exploratory factor analysis were used to confirm its construct validity. The internal consistency of the questions was analyzed by calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and item-scale correlation coefficient, and retesting. The relationship between the questionnaire score and demographic information of the participants was analyzed (alpha=0.05).    Results: The content validity coefficient was 0.98. The test-retest coefficient was 0.98, indicating high reliability of the questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 38 years, and 81 (50.6%) were males. Education was found to have a significant correlation with the total questionnaire score (P<0.05) but age had no such correlation (P>0.05). Conclusion: The Persian version of the GCPS 2.0 with the omission of questions 1 and 5 may be used for assessment of chronic pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area in the Iranian population.  },  
Keywords = {Chronic pain, Facial pain, Pain measurement, Temporomandibular joint disorders, Reproducibility of results},
volume = {9},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {117-123}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.2.117},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-543-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-543-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kumar, Neeraj and Kumari, Rich},  
title = {Anterior Crossbite Correction in Mixed Dentition Using a Simple Appliance: A Case Series}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Anterior crossbite is the most commonly observed developing malocclusion during the mixed dentition period. Dental crossbite occurs due to over-retained deciduous teeth or their delayed exfoliation, impacted or supernumerary teeth, pathologies present around the affected teeth, or dental trauma during the primary dentition period. Various removable and fixed appliances have been used in the literature for correction of crossbite depending on the patient's age, and space availability in dental arch. Case Presentation: This paper presents a case series of anterior crossbite cases corrected using a simple posterior bite plane appliance. This appliance is simple, easy to fabricate, and takes less time to correct the crossbite. Conclusion: A posterior bite plane with a palatal plate could be an efficient solution for correction of anterior dental crossbite in the mixed dentition period. This chair-side fabricated appliance achieves correction quickly without harming the periodontal tissue. Developing malocclusions should be immediately identified by dentists to prevent complex treatment options in the future.  },  
Keywords = {Malocclusion, Incisor, Orthodontics, Interceptive, Dentition, Mixed},
volume = {9},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {124-128}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.2.124},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-551-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-551-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rapriya, Aditi and Kumar, Jitender},  
title = {A Large Size Sialolith in the Wharton\'s Duct: A Rare Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Sialolithiasis is the second most frequent salivary gland disorder. However, giant submandibular sialoliths are uncommon. Herein, a case of an almond-shaped giant sialolith in the left submandibular duct measuring 3 cm x 2 cm is reported. Case Presentation: A patient was presented complaining of pain, difficult chewing, and swelling of the floor of the mouth with purulent intraoral discharge. The ipsilateral submandibular gland was tender and enlarged, resulting in acute neck swelling. Submandibular sialolithiasis of the left Wharton’s duct was primarily diagnosed. After blood testing and imaging, the sialolith was surgically removed in toto via an intraoral approach under local anesthesia. The symptoms receded postoperatively. Conclusion: Sialoliths must be suspected in patients complaining of submandibular and facial pain. A careful history must be taken and imaging should be performed to confirm the diagnosis and precisely locate the calcifications.  },  
Keywords = {Submandibular Gland, Salivary Gland Calculi, Salivary Ducts},
volume = {9},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {129-131}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.2.129},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-530-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-530-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Haddadi, Azam and Hoshyari, Narjes and Abbaspour, Hadis and HosseinNataj, Abolfazl and Keshvari, Ahm},  
title = {Prevalence of the C-shaped Root Canal Morphology in the Iranian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study reviewed the prevalence of C-shaped root canal morphology in different provinces of Iran. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Ovid, SID, CIVILICA, Magiran, IranMedex, and ISC electronic databases were searched for articles published from 2000 to 2021. The searched keywords included “C-shaped root canal system” and “prevalence”, “molar teeth”, “premolar teeth”, and “Iranian population”. Full-text assessment of the articles and critical appraisal were performed using the CONSORT and STROBE checklists. Gender, tooth type (first/second molar, first/second premolar), upper/lower jaw, and type of C-shaped classification were extracted from the eligible articles, pooled, and analyzed using forest plots with proportions and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-regression was performed to evaluate possible sources of heterogeneity.    Results: The prevalence of C-shaped canals was 0.06% (95% CI: 0.04-0.08). The prevalence of C-shaped canals was 0.08% (95% CI: 0.05-0.11) based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The pooled prevalence of C-shaped root canal system was higher in Mazandaran (Sari and Babol) and East Azarbaijan (Tabriz) (0.10%) than other provinces. There was no significant difference between the pooled prevalence of C-shaped root canal system in males (0.26%) and females (0.36%). The pooled prevalence of C-shaped morphology was 0.03% in first molars and 0.12% in second molars. Conclusion: The prevalence of C-shaped morphology is high in the Iranian population. Tooth type has a significant effect on the prevalence of C-shaped canals.    },  
Keywords = {Tooth root, Prevalence, Molar, Bicuspid, Iranian people},
volume = {9},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {132-143}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.2.132},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-559-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-559-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Harandi, Ramin and AbbasiSenjedary, Zeinab and Farhadi, Sareh},  
title = {Association between Decision-Making Styles and Socioemotional Skills in Dental Students}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: In dentistry, acquiring knowledge, communication skills, and professional manual skills requires a favorable learning environment. This study aimed to investigate the association of decision-making styles and socioemotional skills in senior dental students (5th semester and higher) of Tehran Islamic Azad University. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 149 senior dental students. Their demographic information was collected, and they were asked to fill out the Melbourne Decision Making questionnaire (MDMQ), and Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) questionnaire to assess their social-emotional skills. The validity and reliability of the instruments were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and correlations were calculated between the scores of the MDMQ and SSES subscales, and P values < 0.05 were considered significant.    Results: A significant correlation was observed between SSES and MDMQ scores with a rho coefficient of 0.193 (P<0.018). Assertiveness presented positive correlations with MDMQ with a rho coefficient of 0.252 (P<0.002). A positive correlation was also found between tolerance skills and sociability skills with correlation coefficients of rho=0.145 and rho=0.141, respectively (P<0. 00). Significant correlations were observed between decision-making styles and the subscales of creativity (P<0.021) and trust skills (P<0.04), respectively. Conclusion: A significant relationship was found between dental students' socioemotional skills and decision-making styles. Training that involves creativity and trust skills might be crucial for future decision-making by dental students.    },  
Keywords = {Clinical Decision-Making, Students, Dental, Social Skills, Emotions},
volume = {9},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {144-150}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.3.144},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-535-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-535-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Barzegar, Mohsen and Ghadirian, Hamidreza and RoustaeizadeShooroki, Zahra and Yektaie, Mohammad Amin and Pouyafard, Adele},  
title = {Comparative Efficacy of Triadent and Ora-Aid Mucoadhesive Patch for Treatment of Minor Aphthous Ulcers: A Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of Triadent (triamcinolone mucoadhesive paste) and Ora-Aid mucoadhesive patch on the severity of pain, burning sensation, and size of minor aphthous ulcers. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients with minor aphthous ulcers. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n=20) to use Triadent paste or Ora-Aid mucoadhesive patch (3 times/day). The severity of pain and burning sensation of patients was quantified by a visual analog scale (VAS). Size of lesions was also measured before, and at 3, 5, and 7 days after the treatment by using a graded paper placed next to the lesions. Data were analyzed by the t-test and the Mann-Whitney test (alpha=0.05).  Results: The mean reduction in lesion diameter at 3 days (compared with baseline) was significantly greater in the Ora-Aid than the Triadent group (P=0.000). However, the mean reduction in lesion diameter at 5 and 7 days was significantly greater in the Triadent group (P=0.000). The mean reduction in the severity of pain and burning sensation was significantly greater in the Ora-Aid group than the Triadent group at 3, 5, and 7 days (P=0.000). Conclusion: Both Triadent and Ora-Aid significantly decreased pain, burning sensation, and size of minor aphthous lesions. However, Triadent was significantly more effective for reduction of size of lesions while Ora-Aid was significantly more effective for reduction of pain and burning sensation.  },  
Keywords = {Stomatitis, Aphthous, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Humans},
volume = {9},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {151-158}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.3.151},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-572-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-572-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Torkzadeh, Azadeh and Tavousi, Ali and EtemadiShalamzari, Milad and Aryanejhad, Sas},  
title = {Comparison of the Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery in the Maxillary Sinus between Edentulous and Dentate Patients Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) is a branch of the maxillary artery. This study compared the anatomical position of the PSAA in the maxillary sinus between edentulous and dentate patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This descriptive study evaluated 280 maxillary sinus CBCT scans of edentulous and dentate patients. Visibility, vertical diameter, location and type of artery, horizontal distance from the PSAA to the sinus internal wall, distance from the artery to the sinus floor, distance from the artery to the alveolar crest, and distance from the alveolar crest to the sinus floor were studied on coronal sections using SIDEXIS 3D software. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and independent t tests.  Results: The artery type was mainly type I, with no difference between males and females or edentulous and dentate patients (P>0.05). PSAA was primarily located in the second molar area in dentate patients. The horizontal distance from the PSAA to the sinus internal wall, PSAA vertical diameter, distance from the alveolar crest to the sinus floor, and distance from PSAA to the maxillary sinus floor were not different in different age groups (P>0.05). Vertical diameter of PSAA and distance from PSAA to the maxillary sinus floor were not different between edentulous and dentate groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The distance from the PSAA to the sinus internal wall and to the alveolar crest, and the distance from the alveolar crest to the sinus floor were smaller in edentulous patients.},  
Keywords = {Maxillary Sinus, Edentulous, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography},
volume = {9},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {159-166}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.3.159},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-510-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-510-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shahidi, Shaghayegh and Heidari, Solmaz and Rahimikhoob, Maryam and Farar, Bahareh and SafarzadehKhosroshahi, Shadab},  
title = {Effect of a Desensitizing Agent on Microshear Bond Strength of Two Bonding Systems}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Postoperative tooth hypersensitivity after restorative procedures is a common finding. Considering the obstruction of dentinal tubules following the use of dentin desensitizers, there are some concerns about the effects of desensitizers on the bond strength of bonding systems. This study aimed to assess the effect of a desensitizer on microshear bond strength (µSBS) of two bonding systems. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 20 sound human molars were mesiodistally sectioned into halves, and the roots were cut at the cementoenamel junction. The samples (n=40) were then randomly divided into four groups (n=10): (I) Adper™ Single Bond 2, (II) Desensibilize desensitizing agent+ Adper™ Single Bond 2, (III) Single Bond Universal, and (IV) Desensibilize desensitizing agent + Single Bond Universal. Adhesives and desensitizing agents were applied according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Filtek Z250 composite cylinders were fabricated and bonded to dentin surfaces. The µSBS of each sample was then measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and a post-hoc test (P<0.05).  Results: A reduction in µSBS was found following the application of desensitizing agent in combination with AdperTM Single Bond 2 (P<0.05). The µSBS increased when the desensitizing agent was applied in combination with Single Bond Universal. However, this difference was not significant (P˃0.05). Conclusion: Desensibilize desensitizing agent affected the dentinal tubule obstruction and decreased the µSBS when used with AdperTM Single Bond 2 total-etch system, while the µSBS increased when it was used with Single Bond Universal adhesive.  },  
Keywords = {Dentin Desensitizing Agents, Shear Strength, Dentin-Bonding Agents},
volume = {9},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {167-173}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.3.167},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-554-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-554-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Baniasad, Nima and Poosti, Maryam and Etemadi, Shahrzad and Mahmoudi, Farhang and Mirmohammadi, Kamal},  
title = {Effects of Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser and CPP-ACP Paste on Remineralization and Discoloration of Enamel White Spot Lesions}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The prevalence of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets is high. This study investigated the effects of CO2 laser and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on enamel white spot lesions (WSLs). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 human premolars were stored in a demineralizing solution for 12 weeks to induce WSLs, and divided into four groups (n=15) of no surface treatment (control), CPP-ACP paste application for 4 minutes/day for one week, and CO2 laser (10 mJ, 200 Hz, 10 s) with/without CPP-ACP paste. The teeth were then immersed in artificial saliva for 90 days while being subjected to daily fluoride mouthwash and weekly brushing. Tooth color was measured at baseline, after demineralization, after the interventions, and after 90 days of storage. The Vickers microhardness of the teeth was measured at the enamel surface and 30-, 60-, and 90-µm depths. Data were analyzed by one-way and repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test.  Results: No significant difference was found among the four groups concerning color change, and all groups had clinically detectable discoloration after remineralization. Laser irradiation through CPP-ACP paste caused a significant increase in microhardness compared to CPP-ACP alone and the control group (P<0.05). Microhardness at 30-, 60- and 90-µm depths was also significantly greater in laser/CPP-ACP compared to other groups (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Application of fractional CO2 laser with/without CPP-ACP paste was not effective in improving the color of WSLs. However, application of CO2 laser through CPP-ACP may be suggested for rehardening of demineralized enamel.  },  
Keywords = {Dental Enamel, Dental Caries, Tooth Remineralization, Lasers, Colorimetry, Hardness Tests, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Nanocomplex},
volume = {9},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {174-183}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.3.174},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kia, Seyed Javad and Basirat, Maryam and Soleimani, Robabeh and Tadayon, Kiana and Najar-Karimi, Fereshteh},  
title = {Association of Psychological Factors with Burning Mouth Syndrome in Psychiatric Diseases}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by pain sensation in the tongue and oral mucosa. It has no clinical or laboratory manifestations in early stages. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of BMS with psychiatric diseases and the associated factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 239 psychiatric patients referred to Shafa Hospital in Rasht, Iran. After recording the demographic information and medical history, mouth dryness and burning severity were assessed by the FOX questionnaire and a visual analogue scale (VAS), respectively. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney test using SPSS version 22.  Results: According to the results, 13.8% of the participants (psychiatric patients) were suffering from BMS, and of all the investigated factors, wearing a denture was the only factor with a statistically significant association with BMS (P=0.044), such that a higher percentage of patients with dentures had BMS. Other factors had no significant relationship with BMS (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that BMS had a significant relationship with wearing a denture, which highlights the necessity of further attention to denture hygiene in BMS patients with psychiatric disorders. Moreover, psychiatric patients in this study showed a higher incidence of BMS. It appears that timely diagnosis and appropriate psychiatric treatment can be effective in better controlling the BMS.  },  
Keywords = {Burning Mouth Syndrome, Dentures, Mental disorders},
volume = {9},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {184-192}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.3.184},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-568-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-568-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Francisco, Ana and Dey, Tania and Mendes, José Manuel and Sousa, Arnaldo and Torres, Orl},  
title = {Influence of Polishing Systems on Color Stability of Dental Composite Resins: An In Vitro Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: There is a growing demand for esthetic dental treatments with composite resins like Ceram.x SpectraTM ST® (CS) due to the importance of a beautiful smile; but color change may occur affecting the longevity and quality of composite restorations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of a composite resin, subjected to two different polishing systems, after immersion in different coloring solutions (common beverages). Materials and Methods: Forty specimens were fabricated from CS nanoceramic composite resin and polished with Enhance® and Astropol® finishing and polishing systems. The CIE L*a*b* color parameters were measured before and after immersing the specimens in coffee, red wine, and Coca-Cola. The chromatic difference was assessed by calculating the ∆E. Two-way ANOVA was applied to compare the ∆E values based on the type of polishing system, coloring solution, and their interaction.  Results: Astropol® resulted in better color stability and smoother surfaces than Enhance®. Wine and coffee significantly changed the color stability of tested composite resin (P<0.05), while Coca-Cola did not affect the color stability (P>0.05). Conclusion: The choice of dental finishing and polishing system affects the color stability of CS composite resin following exposure to commonly consumed drinks.  },  
Keywords = {Composite Resins, Ceramics, Color, Dental Polishing},
volume = {9},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {193-203}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.3.193},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-562-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-562-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sadrimanesh, Roozbeh and Aref, Parissa and Tavasoli-Hojjati, Sara and Haghighat, Sam},  
title = {Esthetic Reconstruction of Primary Molars with Direct Composite Crown: One-Year Report of Five Cases}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Dissatisfaction of parents with the appearance of conventional stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) has led the pedodontists to choose alternative esthetic restorations such as zirconia crowns. Case Presentation: In this report, a new approach for fabrication of direct composite crowns for primary molars was described using dual-cure core build-up composite material in five patients with one-year follow-up. Conclusion: Direct composite crown appears to be a suitable esthetic restoration for pulpotomized primary molars in cooperative patients with acceptable oral hygiene.  },  
Keywords = {Child, Composite Resins, Crowns, Esthetics, Dental, Molar},
volume = {9},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {204-210}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.3.204},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-438-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-438-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Balakrishnan, Priyanka and Srinivasan, Daya and Senthil, Eagapp},  
title = {Auricular Appliance for Maintaining Patency in a Rare Case of Choristoma of the External Acoustic Meatus: A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Choristoma is a benign developmental pathological growth characterized by excessive proliferation of mature tissue in ectopic sites. While it can manifest anywhere in the head and neck region, choristoma of the middle ear is more prevalent than the external and internal ear. Case Presentation: Choristoma is a benign developmental pathological growth characterized by excessive proliferation of mature tissue in ectopic sites. While it can manifest anywhere in the head and neck region, choristoma of the middle ear is more prevalent than the external and internal ear. Conclusion: This case underscores the significance of early diagnosis and intervention in managing external ear choristoma to prevent complications such as conductive hearing loss. The use of auricular prosthesis post-surgery shows promise in maintaining patency and minimizing the risk of relapse, emphasizing on the importance of long-term follow-up in such patients.  },  
Keywords = {Choristoma, Ear, External, Prosthesis Design},
volume = {9},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {211-215}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.3.211},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-633-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-633-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Einolahzadeh, Khadijeh and Bahmani, Afshi},  
title = {Parental Education on Fissure Sealant: A Literature Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Fissure sealant therapy is one of the most effective strategies to prevent dental caries. Sealants fill the occlusal grooves of the posterior teeth and prevent the accumulation of microorganisms and subsequent development of caries as such. This study aimed to evaluate parental education on fissure sealant therapy. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted in seven international databases or websites including BioMed Central, Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, and Seer, and two national databases (SID and Magiran) for relevant articles on the Iranian population published between 2011 and 2021. Of a total of 3,980 articles retrieved by the initial search, 7 articles were selected with experimental and quasi-experimental designs. The interventions were in the form of educational programs with follow-up sessions, examinations, and preventive services at different times. The variables included knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, fissure sealant, and dental caries.  Results: All the tested variables significantly changed after the educational intervention. Conclusion: According to the results of the reviewed interventional studies in Iran, instruction of oral health-promoting behaviors and fissure sealant therapy to parents has a positive effect on the practice of the parents concerning fissure sealant therapy. It also appears that interventions based on theoretical education and changing behavioral models can be effective in promoting oral health practice.  },  
Keywords = {Pit and Fissure Sealants, Dentition, Permanent, Prenatal Education},
volume = {9},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {216-221}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.3.216},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-404-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-404-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Esmaeilzadeh, Mohammad and Mahdavi, Nastaran Sadat and FallahinejadGhajari, Masoud and soleymani, Aliasghar and Eghbali, Ahmad and Faghihi, Taraneh},  
title = {Comparative Efficacy of Buccal Infiltration Anesthesia with Articaine and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block with Lidocaine for Pulpotomy of Primary Mandibular Second Molars Under Sedation: A Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study compared the efficacy of buccal infiltration anesthesia (BIA) with articaine versus inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) with lidocaine for pulpotomy of primary mandibular second molars under intravenous sedation.   Materials and Methods: This split-mouth randomized clinical trial was conducted on 29 uncooperative children (Frankl scores I & II) between 3-6 years with bilateral primary mandibular second molars requiring pulpotomy. After intravenous sedation, one random quadrant received IANB with 2% lidocaine and the respective tooth underwent pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate and subsequent coronal restoration with a stainless-steel crown. The other quadrant received BIA with 4% articaine in the next session for pulpotomy of the respective tooth. The behavior of children was evaluated right after receiving the sedative (T0), during anesthetic injection (T1), during pulp exposure (T2), and in the recovery room (T3) using non-verbal pain scale-revised (NVPS-R). Data were analyzed by one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA (alpha=0.05).  Results: The odds of calmness of children during the entire procedure were 1.7 times higher in BIA than IANB but this difference was not significant (P=0.061). The mean heart rate (HR) of children was generally higher in IANB than BIA (P=0.04 at T1, P<0.001 at T2, and P=0.01 at T3). The effect of time on HR was also significant (P<0.001). Blood oxygen saturation rate (SPO2) was higher in BIA than IANB during the procedure (P<0.001). Conclusion: BIA with articaine had optimal efficacy comparable to that of IANB with lidocaine for pulpotomy of primary second molars under sedation.  },  
Keywords = {Anesthesia, Local, articaine, Deep Sedation, Lidocaine, Mandibular Nerve, Pulpotomy},
volume = {9},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {222-232}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.4.222},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-594-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-594-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kamareh, Sanaz and Soleymani, Ali Asghar and Mozaffari, Neda and Amiri, Ali and Bazghandi, Bornadokht and Khosrozamiri, Maht},  
title = {Comparative Efficacy of Buccal Infiltration Anesthesia with 4% Articaine versus Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block With 2% Lidocaine for Extraction of Primary Mandibular Molars: A Randomized Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of buccal infiltration anesthesia (BIA) with 4% articaine versus inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) with 2% lidocaine for extraction of primary mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: This single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated 100 children between 4-8 years requiring extraction of primary mandibular molars. The children were randomly assigned to two groups (n=50) of IANB with 2% lidocaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine (control), and BIA with 4% articaine and 1:200,000 epinephrine. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS) and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale were used to assess the analgesic efficacy of each technique, and the resultant behavioral reaction of children. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and independent t-tests (alpha=0.05).  Results: In total, 43 girls and 57 boys with a mean age of 6.59±1.20 years were evaluated. The mean FLACC score was 0.98 in the lidocaine and 1.44 in the articaine group with no significant difference (P=0.246). The mean WBFPS score was significantly higher in the articaine than in the lidocaine group (P=0.039), but the difference between the two groups separately for each tooth type was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Despite the significantly lower pain score of the IANB with lidocaine group, BIA with 4% articaine was comparable to IANB with 2% lidocaine in behavioral control of children, and may be considered as an acceptable alternative.  },  
Keywords = {Anesthesia, Local, Articaine, Lidocaine, Mandibular Nerve, Nerve Block},
volume = {9},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {233-242}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.4.233},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-618-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-618-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {TourSavadkouhi, Sohrab and Mousavi, Seyed Amirmasoud and Asnaashari, Ehsan and Ahmadi, Mohammadsadegh and Khajehmougahi, koosh},  
title = {Comparative Effects of Root Canal Irrigation with Sodium Hypochlorite and Super-oxidized Water on Post-Endodontic Pain in Single-Canal Teeth: A Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of root canal irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and super-oxidized water on post-endodontic pain in single-canal teeth.   Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 72 patients with irreversible pulpitis of single-canal teeth. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n=36) for root canal irrigation with either 1% NaOCl or 50% super-oxidized water during endodontic treatment. The root canals were instrumented by the step-back technique with a minimum and maximum apical preparation size of 30 and 50, respectively, and flaring by 5 files larger than the master apical file. Patients' pain level was quantified at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and 7 days postoperatively using a visual analog scale (VAS). Root canal treatments were accomplished in two sessions, and calcium hydroxide was applied as intracanal medicament. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test (alpha=0.05).  Results: At 12 hours postoperatively, the pain score was significantly higher in the NaOCl group than the super-oxidized water group (P=0.043). The pain score gradually decreased in both groups after 12 hours with no pain recorded at 7 days. The difference in pain score between the two groups was not significant at any other time point (P>0.05). Conclusion: The present results revealed significantly lower level of pain at 12 hours post-treatment of single-canal teeth in root canal irrigation with super-oxidized water.  },  
Keywords = {Root Canal Irrigants, Root Canal Therapy, Sodium Hypochlorite, Superoxidized Water, Pain},
volume = {9},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {243-249}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.4.243},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-566-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-566-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rezaei, Yashar and AhmadPourZabarjad, Anahita and Katebi, Katayoun and BagheriMaleki, Sas},  
title = {Effect of Chlorhexidine Application on Microleakage of Pit and Fissure Sealant Therapy with Self-Etch and Etch-And-Rinse Adhesives: An in Vitro Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Application of disinfectants in pits and fissures is a commonly used method to lower the cariogenic bacterial count in teeth. This study compared the effect of applying chlorhexidine on microleakage of pit and fissure sealant therapy using two adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 extracted molar teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (n=15): control group 1 (etch-and-rinse adhesive), control group 2 (self-etch adhesive), group 3 (etch-and-rinse adhesive and 0.2% chlorhexidine), and group 4 (self-etch adhesive and 0.2% chlorhexidine). After applying the sealant and subjecting the teeth to thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in 5% methylene blue solution. The teeth were sectioned into four parts and the dye penetration depth was measured under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests using SPSS 24 (alpha=0.05).  Results: Microleakage was significantly lower in the self-etch adhesive system compared to the etch-and-rinse system in the control groups (P<0.05). For the etch-and-rinse adhesive, there was no significant difference in microleakage between the two groups with chlorhexidine (1.67±1.11) and without chlorhexidine (1.33±0.81) (P>0.05). Similarly, in the self-etch adhesive, microleakage did not significantly differ between groups with chlorhexidine (1.07±0.45) and without chlorhexidine (1.07±0.70) (P>0.05). The interaction effect of adhesive type and chlorhexidine on microleakage was not significant (P=0.428). Conclusion: Application of chlorhexidine with both self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesive systems did not significantly affect the microleakage of fissure sealant therapy. Chlorhexidine may be used under fissure sealants for its antimicrobial effects without increasing microleakage.  },  
Keywords = {Chlorhexidine, Dental Leakage, Dentin-Bonding Agents, Pit and Fissure Sealants},
volume = {9},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {250-256}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.4.250},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-592-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-592-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rezaee, Mohsen and Darabi, Armin and Panahandeh, Narges},  
title = {Alterations in Microhardness of Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, G-Premio Bond, and Scotchbond Universal after Curing}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the alterations in microhardness of Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CUBQ), G-Premio Bond (GPB), and Scotchbond Universal (SBU) immediately, 24 hours, and 6 months after curing.   Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, a composite disc was fabricated. A putty/wash impression was made from the disc to serve as a mold. CUBQ, GPB, and SBU adhesives were applied in the mold, and after allowing 3 hours for the solvent to evaporate, they were cured by a LED curing unit for 20 seconds. Ten specimens were fabricated from each adhesive. The microhardness of the specimens was measured by a microhardness tester immediately, 24 hours, and 6 months after curing. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA (alpha=0.05).  Results: The mean microhardness of the three adhesives was significantly different immediately after curing (P<0.001), and CUBQ showed significantly higher microhardness than GPB (P<0.001) and SBU (P=0.004). The difference in microhardness of the three adhesives was not significant after 24 hours and 6 months (P>0.05). Conclusion: The present results showed that the microhardness of all three tested universal adhesives increased with time.  },  
Keywords = {Composite Resins, Dentin-Bonding Agents, Hardness},
volume = {9},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {257-262}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.4.257},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-610-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-610-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sakhdari, Shirin and Ghasemi, Mahmoud and Shahrestani, Sahel},  
title = {Age Estimation by Pulp/Tooth Area Ratio of Maxillary Canine Teeth on Cone-beam Computed Tomography Scans}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of age estimation by pulp/tooth area ratio (PTR) of maxillary canine teeth on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 99 CBCT scans of patients between 18 to 71 years with fully erupted sound maxillary canine teeth. The CBCT scans were evaluated in five sections namely the mid-sagittal section, mid-coronal section, and axial planes [cementoenamel junction (CEJ) section, root section at one-quarter distance from the CEJ, and mid-root section] using OnDemand software. The tooth and pulp surface areas and PTR were calculated. The absolute error of age estimation was calculated by the regression test.  Results: In females, PTR of the CEJ section (-0.338) and one-quarter root section of the axial plane (-0.459; P=0.003 and P=0.000, respectively), and in males, PTR of the mid-root section of the axial plane (-0.346) and mid-sagittal section (-0.455; P=0.013 and  P=0.002, respectively ) had significant correlations with age. The mean absolute error of age estimation in the present method, compared with the chronological age of individuals, was 7.227 years. In 39.5% of the cases, the obtained regression formula could estimate age with less than 5 years difference. No significant difference was noted in age estimation for males and females in this method. Conclusion: It appears that PTR on CBCT images of maxillary canine teeth has a significant correlation with chronological age.  The obtained formula in this study could estimate age with acceptable accuracy (less than 7.5 years).},  
Keywords = {Age Determination by Teeth, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Cuspid, Dental Pulp, Dental Records, Forensic Dentistry},
volume = {9},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {263-270}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.4.263},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-578-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-578-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {JaberiAnsari, Zahra and Valian, Azam and Afrasiabi, Anahit and Amdjadi, Paris},  
title = {Spectrophotometric Evaluation of the Effect of Bleaching on Color Changes of Stained Hybrid Ceramics}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Hybrid ceramics are gaining popularity for cosmetic dental restorations due to their advantageous mechanical properties and optimal esthetic results. However, the potential effects of bleaching on their color stability are still a subject of interest. This study aimed to assess the effect of bleaching on stained hybrid ceramics in comparison with IPS e.max.   Materials and Methods: This in vitro study was conducted on 48 specimens fabricated from IPS e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Cerasmart (n=16) ceramics. The baseline color coordinates of the specimens were measured by a spectrophotometer. Eight specimens from each ceramic type underwent accelerated aging, and their color coordinates were measured again to calculate the color change (ΔE1). The remaining 8 specimens in each ceramic group were immersed in tea solution, and their ΔE was calculated (ΔE2). Subsequently, all specimens were exposed to 20% carbamide peroxide for 8 hours/day for 10 days, and ΔE3 and ΔE4 were calculated. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha=0.05).  Results: Type of ceramic, type of intervention (aging, immersion in tea solution, bleaching), and their interaction significantly affected the ΔE (P=0.0001). The maximum and minimum ΔE values were recorded for Cerasmart and IPS e.max ceramic, respectively. Conclusion: Both accelerated aging and immersion in tea solution caused staining of hybrid ceramics. The minimum ΔE after bleaching occurred in aged ceramics. Bleaching of stained ceramics improved their color.  },  
Keywords = {Ceramics, Color, IPS e.max CAD LT, Spectrophotometry, Tooth Bleaching Agents},
volume = {9},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {271-281}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.4.271},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-667-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-667-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nematnezhad, Mahsa and shakoori, shahrzad and Fazlyab, Maht},  
title = {Oral Manifestations of the Donohue Syndrome: A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The Donohue syndrome, also known as leprechaunism, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of insulin resistance. The severe form of insulin resistance seen in this syndrome is due to a mutation in the insulin receptor gene. This syndrome has symptoms such as delayed growth before and after birth, premature growth, lipoatrophy, hypertrichosis, acanthosis nigricans, and dysmorphic face. Case Presentation: This report presents oral manifestations (such as macrodontia, severe crowding, supernumerary tooth, etc.) and management of a 10-year-old patient with the Donohue syndrome. Conclusion: Considering the extensive oral manifestations of the Donohue syndrome, good oral hygiene and regular dental follow-ups are necessary for such patients.  },  
Keywords = {Donohue Syndrome, Oral Manifestations, Malocclusion, Tooth, Supernumerary},
volume = {9},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {282-286}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.4.282},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-509-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-509-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kumari, K Swapna and Gaur, Mahendra and Dixit, Sangita and Dash, Patitapaban and Subudh, Enketeswar},  
title = {Nutritional Types and Drug Resistance Profiling of Microbiota Harboring Dental Root Canal of Patients with Apical Periodontitis}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Identification of harbored bacteria and their resistance profile is crucial to manage endodontic treatment. This study aimed to assess the nutritional types and drug resistance profiling of microbiota harboring dental root canal of patients with apical periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study identified bacteria and their resistance profile in 10 samples taken from acute and chronic periodontitis patients using the VITEK 2 system.  Results: A total of 49 bacteria belonging to 24 species were recovered from two sets of 10 samples together with a higher bacterial diversity in chronic periodontitis condition. Enterococcus, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium bacterial species were identified in both cases but Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Propionibacterium were more prevalent in chronic patients. The prevalence of facultative anaerobes (51.02%) was the highest, and that of obligate aerobes (4.08%) was the lowest; obligate anaerobes accounted for 16.33%, while strict anaerobes accounted for 20.4% in both conditions. Microaerophilic organisms (Lactobacillus species) were found only in persistent apical periodontitis (8.16%); whereas, aerobes were predominant (7.14%) in acute conditions. The majority of the strains were resistant to tetracycline, cefoxitin, and oxacillin but the members of the four predominant genera (Enterococcus, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Propionibacterium) were resistant to penicillin, cefotaxime and cefoxitin. Very few strains exhibited resistance to ofloxacin, vancomycin and gentamycin. Conclusion: The present results showed that acute and chronic root canal infections were polymicrobial infections, with Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Propionibacterium species being the predominant ones. These predominant bacteria were resistant to penicillin, cefotaxime and cefoxitin.  },  
Keywords = {Periapical Periodontitis, Coinfection, Drug Resistance},
volume = {9},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {287-296}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.4.287},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-652-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-652-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tahmasbi, Soodeh and TavakolDavani, Shiva and Namdari, Mahshid and Atai, Mohamm},  
title = {Surface Microhardness, Masking, and Color Stability of white Spot Lesions Infiltrated by Icon versus an Experimental Resin Containing MA-POSS Nanoparticles}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study compared the efficacy of an experimental resin containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles with methacrylate groups (MA-POSS) versus the Icon resin regarding the masking, color stability, and microhardness of artificially induced white spot lesions (WSLs).   Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 bovine enamel specimens were assigned to two groups for assessment of color (group C) and surface microhardness (group H). white spot lesions were induced on the specimens using demineralizing and remineralizing solutions. Each group was divided into two subgroups for the application of experimental resin and Icon. the color and surface microhardness of specimens were measured, after the induction of WSLs, and after infiltration. Group C samples were immersed in coffee (1 hour/day for one week) and their color was measured again. ANCOVA was used to compare microhardness between the two resin groups. To compare the masking and staining of infiltrated lesions, ΔE, ΔL and L* values after infiltration and staining were compared with the values after the induction of WSLs using independent t-test and repeated measures ANCOVA (α=0.05).  Results: Microhardness analysis by ANCOVA revealed no significant difference between the groups following resin infiltration (P=0.144). The performance of the two resins after infiltration (P=0.75 for ΔE, P=0.20 for ΔL, P=0.57 for L*) and after staining (P=0.31 for ΔE, P=0.07 for ΔL, P=0.32 for L*) was not significantly different. Conclusion: The experimental resin was comparable to Icon with the main advantage of easier availability in Iran.},  
Keywords = {Resins, Synthetic, Dental Caries, Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Methacrylate, Tooth Discoloration},
volume = {9},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {297-304}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.9.4.297},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-571-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-571-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2024}  
}