@article{ 
author = {Sedaghati, Golnoosh and Asnaashari, Ehsan and Khalilak, Zohreh},  
title = {In Vitro Comparison of the Push-Out Bond Strength of RetroMTA, OrthoMTA, and ProRoot MTA}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Different MTA brands may have different push-out bond strength (PBS) values in 10 minutes and 4 hours. Thus, this study aimed to compare the PBS of RetroMTA, OrthoMTA, and ProRoot MTA.   Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 54 dentin discs with 2 mm diameter and a central lumen with 1.3 mm radius were used in each of the RetroMTA, OrthoMTA, and ProRoot MTA groups (18 discs for each group). The samples were wrapped in a moist gauze and incubated at 37°C and 100% humidity. The PBS was measured by a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute after 10 minutes and 4 hours. The mode of failure was also categorized by using a stereomicroscope. The mean PBS of the three groups was compared using two-way ANOVA. The mode of failure was analyzed by the Chi-square test. Results: The interaction effect of time and material on PBS was not significant (P=0.227). At both time points, the PBS of the three groups was significantly different (P=0.001), and RetroMTA showed significantly higher PBS (P<0.014). However, the PBS of OrthoMTA and ProRoot MTA was not significantly different (P=0.695). The PBS of all materials at 4 hours was significantly higher than that at 10 minutes (P=0.001). Conclusion: RetroMTA was superior to ProRoot MTA and OrthoMTA regarding the PBS after 4 hours.},  
Keywords = {Biocompatible Materials, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Dental Bonding, Root Canal Therapy},
volume = {8},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-10}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.1.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-408-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-408-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Saati, Keyvan and Chitsazha, Ramtin and Firouzi, Negin and TourSavadkouhi, Sohrab and Firouzi, Negar},  
title = {Effect of Different Durations of Home Bleaching on Tooth Discoloration Caused by Mineral Trioxide 
Aggregate: An In Vitro Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Discoloration is an unfavorable side effect of regenerative endodontic procedures using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The efficacy of home bleaching of discolored teeth with carbamide peroxide has not been well investigated, and the minimum required duration of home bleaching is still unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of different durations of home bleaching on tooth discoloration caused by MTA.   Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study used 16 tooth blocks of bovine central incisors. To cause discoloration, white MTA was applied for 40 days in cavities drilled in blocks. The color parameters were measured at baseline and at 14, 28, and 42 days after the application of 20% carbamide peroxide using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: The color change (∆E) value was 22.9±10, 26.3±10.9, and 27.03±11 at 14, 28, and 42 days after bleaching, respectively. Significant color change occurred at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the application of carbamide peroxide (P<0.001). The color change increased at 42 days (∆E of 3.1, or 13% compared with baseline), which was the highest amount among all time points. However, pairwise comparisons showed that it was not statistically significant (P=0.4). Conclusion: It appears that 14 days is the required time for bleaching of teeth discolored by MTA. Longer bleaching times showed insignificantly higher efficacy for tooth whitening.},  
Keywords = {Tooth Bleaching, Carbamide Peroxide, Tooth 
Discoloration, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate},
volume = {8},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {11-17}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.1.11},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-402-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-402-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {TavazoZadeh, Elnaz and Aref, Parissa and Askarizadeh, Nahid and Emadi, Fatemeh},  
title = {In vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Punica granatum Extract versus Chlorhexidine on Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Candida albicans}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Considering the search for an effective antimicrobial agent comparable to chlorhexidine (CHX), this study aimed to assess the antimicrobial effect of Punica granatum (P. granatum) hydroalcoholic extract on Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans), in comparison with CHX. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the disc diffusion test was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of the extract by measuring the growth inhibition zones; while, the microdilution and macrodilution broth tests were applied to find the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract against the tested microorganisms. The MBC was measured using the blood agar or Mueller Hinton agar culture medium. The Sabouraud dextrose agar culture medium was used for C. albicans. Each test was repeated in triplicate, and data were analyzed by independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: None of the tested microorganisms showed any resistance to the extract. CHX had the highest antimicrobial effect against all tested microorganisms. The MIC of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum was 2.5 mg/mL for S. sobrinus and S. sanguinis, and 5 mg/mL for C. albicans. Its MBC was 5 mg/mL for S. sobrinus and S. sanguinis, and 10 mg/mL for C. albicans. The mean diameter of the growth inhibition zone for S. sobrinus caused by CHX was significantly greater than that caused by P. granatum extract (Mann-Whitney U test, P=0.043). The same result was obtained for S. sanguinis (Student sample t-test, P=0.002), and C. albicans (Mann-Whitney U test, P=0.046). Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum has bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on S. sanguinis and S. sobrinus and antifungal effect on C. albicans comparable to CHX.},  
Keywords = {Pomegranate, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Antibacterial Agents, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Biological Products},
volume = {8},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {18-27}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.1.18},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-395-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-395-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {BeikianGhavidel, Parinaz and Moshari, Amir Abbas and Toursavadkouhi, Sohrab},  
title = {Effectiveness of D-RaCe, SP1 and R-Endo Rotary Systems for Root Canal Filling Material Removal from the Human Mandibular Molars: A Micro-CT Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The present study compared the retreatment efficacy of D-RaCe, SP1, and R-Endo rotary files in gutta-percha removal from the mesiobuccal canal of mandibular molars by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).    Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, 30 mandibular molars were prepared with Denco-D-Super files and filled using gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer by the lateral compaction technique. Root canals then underwent micro-CT, and the amount of root filling material was measured on images using LOTUS InVivo-REC software. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10) for retreatment with D-RaCe, SP1, and R-Endo systems. They underwent micro-CT again after retreatment, and the volume of residual root filling material in the root canals was calculated. The percentage of cleaning efficiency of each system in removal of gutta-percha from the mesiobuccal canal was calculated and compared among the three groups by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha=0.05). Results: File type (P=0.05) and root canal region (apical, middle, or coronal third) (P<0.001) had significant effects on the percentage of cleaning efficiency. SP1 was significantly superior to R-Endo regarding cleaning efficiency (P=0.04). D-RaCe had the highest cleaning efficiency in the apical third (85.12%) while SP1 had the highest cleaning efficiency in the middle (91.57%) and coronal (68.22%) thirds. R-Endo had the lowest cleaning efficiency in the entire root canal system. Conclusion: Although none of the systems had 100% cleaning efficiency, the cleaning efficiency of D-RaCe and SP1 was superior to R-Endo for retreatment of mesiobuccal canal of mandibular molars.  },  
Keywords = {Mandible, Molar, Retreatment, Root Canal Therapy, 
X-Ray Microtomography},
volume = {8},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {28-37}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.1.28},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-478-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-478-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ruhollahi, Mahsa and Talaeipour, Ahmadreza and TourSavadkouh, Sohrab and Roghanizad, Nasri},  
title = {Centering Ability of F6 SkyTaper and RaCe Rotary Files: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Maintaining the original shape and path of the canal is among the most important criteria for optimal root canal preparation. The aim of this study was to compare the centering ability of F6 SkyTaper and RaCe rotary files in mesiobuccal canals of mandibular molars.   Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 mesiobuccal canals of extracted human mandibular molars with 25-30-degree curvature were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=15) of RaCe and F6 SkyTaper. After mounting of the teeth in a putty mold, the distance between the canal walls and the outer surface of the roots in mesial and distal aspects was measured. The measurements were made at 1, 3 and 7 mm from the apex. Initial glide path in the canals was achieved using a # 15 K-file. Then, the canals in group A were prepared by RaCe rotary file #25/6% while the canals in group B were prepared by F6 Sky Taper rotary file #25/6%. Measurements were repeated and the difference between the two measurements was calculated and compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean centering ability was 0.72 ± 0.62 in the RaCe group and 0.95 ± 1.39 in F6 SkyTaper group. the centrality was better in F6 SkyTaper group (it was closer to 1) but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.4). Conclusion: Both RaCe and F6 SkyTaper rotary systems partially offset the centrality of the root canal system.},  
Keywords = {Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Root Canal 
Preparation, Transportation, Dental Instruments},
volume = {8},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {38-42}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.1.38},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Parivar, Masumeh and Rezaie, Akbar and BabaporKheiroddin, Jalil},  
title = {Effect of Emotional Self-Regulation Strategies and Systematic Desensitization on Stress Level of Adult Dental Patients: A Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of emotional self-regulation strategies and systematic desensitization on stress level of adult dental patients.   Materials and Methods: The study population included 40 adult dental patients that were selected by purposeful sampling and were classified into two experimental groups of emotional self-regulation strategy (n=20) and systematic desensitization (n=20). Data were collected using a stress questionnaire. The experimental groupsreceived 8 sessions of 90-minute emotional self-regulation strategy and desensitization instructions. Data were analyzed by t-test and paired t-test. Results: Emotional self-regulation and systematic desensitization affected the stress level of adult dental patients. However, there was no significant difference between the effects of emotional self-regulation and systematic desensitization on stress levels of adult dental patients (P>0.05). Conclusion: Emotional self-regulation and systematic desensitization instructions equally affected the stress level of adult dental patients in this study.},  
Keywords = {Stress, Psychological, Emotional Regulation, 
Desensitization, Psychologic, Dentistry},
volume = {8},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {43-48}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.1.43},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-331-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-331-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Valian, Azam and Tareh, Ali and Zarei, Malek and GholamiMandali, Samaneh},  
title = {Effect of Pistacia lentiscus Extract on Dentin
Remineralization: An In Vitro Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Pistacia lentiscus (P. lentiscus) extract for dentin remineralization. Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study evaluated 45 extracted sound human premolars; pH cycling was performed to assess the effect of 10% P. lentiscus extract on dentin remineralization. The samples were randomly assigned to three groups of 1000 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF) solution, 10% P. lentiscus extract, and deionized water. To induce dentinal lesions, the teeth were immersed in a demineralizing solution at 37°C for 96 hours. The demineralized samples were then subjected to pH cycling for 14 days, and then underwent the Vickers microhardness test and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) assessment. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: The mean microhardness in the NaF group was significantly higher than that in the extract and control groups after 14 days (P<0.05). SEM assessment after demineralization indicated tubular obstruction in the extract and NaF groups. However, after 14 days, the sealing of dentinal tubules in the extract group was greater than that in the NaF group. Conclusion: P. lentiscus extract can serve as a suitable organic compound for dentinal tubule occlusion as well as non-invasive and conservative treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH).},  
Keywords = {Dentin sensitivity, Dentin Desensitizing Agents,
Pistacia lentiscus, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning},
volume = {8},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {49-56}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.1.49},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-445-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-445-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gupta, Gaurav and Gupta, Dinesh Kumar and Gupta, Priyanka and Rana, Kuldeep Singh and Chandra, Neeraj},  
title = {An Unusual Odontogenic Keratocyst Associated with Third Molar Crypt Near Condyle in an 
Adolescent: A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: A developing odontogenic cyst known as odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) originates from the remains of dental lamina. Its aggressive pattern of expansion and high recurrence rate differentiate it from other odontogenic cysts. Herein, we describe a large OKC in the mandibular ramus, close to the condyle, in a juvenile patient with a third molar crypt.  Age and sex of patient, and size, location, and fast development of this lesion were different compared with previously reported OKCs. Our management strategy aimed to maintain the mandible's natural dentition, form, function, and continuity.    Case Presentation: The conservative strategy of marsupialization and decompression, which results in final total clearance of the cystic lesion, is one of the treatment strategies for OKC. Segmental resection, en bloc, and complex procedures are other treatment options. Surgical enucleation of the lesion and subsequent marsupialization were conducted effectively in this case. After a lengthy follow-up, there was no recurrence. Conclusion: A detailed comprehension of the nature of the lesion supported by a strong clinical history and cutting-edge radiography may greatly aid the physician in making the appropriate treatment decision for patient's long-term interests.},  
Keywords = {Odontogenic Cysts, Mandible, Molar},
volume = {8},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {57-61}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.1.57},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-444-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-444-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gholami, Mahnaz and Asadinejad, Seyedeh Mohadeseh and Kakavand, Delara and JafariDoudaran, Pooya and Fathi, Amir Hossei},  
title = {Association of Periodontitis and Aging-Related 
Diseases: A Review of Mechanistic Studies}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Periodontitis, as the most prevalent cause of tooth loss, affects 20-50% of individuals throughout the world. One factor involved in the severity and incidence of periodontitis is aging, which is a substantial risk factor for mortality and morbidity. It is stated that some disorders are common in older population, like cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding the changes related to aging may provide a better insight into age-related diseases. Hence, this study aimed to review and summarize evidence regarding periodontitis and aging-related disorders with a mechanistic insight.    Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus in English between 1993 and 2021. Results: Cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, and Alzheimer’s disease are associated with periodontitis directly or indirectly, and pro-inflammatory cytokines are the key mediators in such relationships. For instance, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 have a substantial role in pathogenesis of periodontitis in the majority of such diseases. These agents, particularly IL-1β and TNF-α, can also lead to leukocyte migration and subsequently form reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Conclusion:  It seems that periodontitis is linked to aging-related diseases, namely cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, and Alzheimer’s disease by the mediation of pro-inflammatory agents such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6.  },  
Keywords = {Alzheimer’s Disease, Renal Failure, Osteoporosis, 
Cardiovascular Diseases, Periodontitis},
volume = {8},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {62-70}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.1.62},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Patil, Santosh R and Doni, Bharati R and Patil, Chaitra and Nawab, Shaikh and KhursheedAlam, Mohamm},  
title = {Role of Electromyography in Dental Research: 
A Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the use of electromyography (EMG) in dentistry over the past several years, as well as related research. EMG is a sophisticated technique used to detect and analyze muscle activity. EMG was primarily utilized in medical sciences in the past, but it is now widely utilized in both the medical and dental fields.   Materials and Methods: Electronic search was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to find all clinical studies regarding applications of EMG in dentistry. Results: This review included 31 papers in all. According to the results, neuromuscular activity may be recorded using EMG for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It could be used in dentistry to evaluate parafunctional habits such as clenching and bruxism as well as muscle activation during actions like chewing and biting. In recent years, the use of EMG in treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and myofascial pain disorders has significantly increased. Conclusion: EMG has a variety of applications in dentistry for monitoring, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes.},  
Keywords = {Dentistry, Facial Muscles, Masticatory Muscles, 
Electromyography},
volume = {8},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {71-78}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.1.71},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-463-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-463-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hosseini, Bahareh and Malekmohammadi, Tayebeh and Naderi, Tayebeh and Bakhtiary, Maryam and HosseiniDastnaei, Peimaneh and Mafi, Sahar},  
title = {Oral and Dental Health Status of Pregnant Women Referred to Perinatal Clinics in Southeastern Iran}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: As maternal periodontal disease can increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, this study aimed to investigate the oral health status of pregnant women considering the circumstances during pregnancy and the necessity to keep the mother and baby healthy.   Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 pregnant women referred to perinatal clinics in Kerman city. The participants’ oral health behavior, decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score, plaque index (PI) and community periodontal index (CPI) were assessed. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and multivariate linear regression model using SPSS 21. Results: Of all, 39.5% had dental problems during pregnancy. Only 5.4% of them presented to a dentist. The participants’ concerns regarding the risks of dental procedures during pregnancy was the most common reason for not seeking dental treatment. The mean PI and DMFT were 0.75±0.48 and 11.29±3.88, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the DMFT index score had a significant correlation with age (P=0.001) and educational level (P=0.03). The CPI and gestational age (in weeks) were also significantly correlated (P=0.005). Conclusion: Due to poor oral health of pregnant women, healthcare planners should provide inter-professional, community-based, and preventive oral health interventions before and during pregnancy.},  
Keywords = {Oral Health, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women,},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {79-87}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.2.79},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-413-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-413-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mozafar, Sadighe and Majidi, Elham and Bakhtiari, Ronak and Norouzi, Mahdi and Kameli, Somayeh},  
title = {Antimicrobial Effects of Ethanol and Acetone 
Extracts of Plantago major Seed on Streptococcus mutans}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of acetone and ethanolic extracts of Plantago major (P. major) on S. mutans.   Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the antibacterial effects of eight different concentrations of the acetone and ethanolic extracts of P. major seed were examined on S. mutans, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts and the inhibition zone diameter were assessed. Results: The acetone extract of P. major seed showed a superior antibacterial effect compared with its ethanolic extract, demonstrating antibacterial effect on S. mutans at 1 mg/mL concentration by the cup plate method and a mean growth inhibition zone diameter of 6±0.2 mm. the MIC and MBC of this extract were 0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively. The ethanolic extract of P. major seed had an antibacterial effect on S. mutans with a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL by the cup plate method with a mean inhibition zone diameter of 8.3±0.1 mm. The MIC and MBC of this extract were 2 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL, respectively. An increase in the diameter of inhibition zone was seen at higher concentrations of both extracts. The mean diameter of growth inhibition zone of chlorhexidine (CHX) was 24 mm. Conclusion: The present results demonstrated the antibacterial activity of ethanolic and acetone extracts of P. major seed on S. mutans. The acetone extract was more effective than ethanol extract on S. mutans.},  
Keywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents, Ethanol, Acetone, Plantago 
major, Streptococcus mutans},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {88-94}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.2.88},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-367-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-367-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Soleimani, Marjan and Amini, Nayyereh and Askarizadeh, Nahi},  
title = {Association of Body Mass Index and DMFT/dmft in Children Aged 6-12 Years}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Considering the importance of oral health in children, it is important to find factors affecting it. Eating habits, body mass index (BMI), and educational level and socioeconomic status of the parents have been suggested as factors affecting oral health. Two important indices for evaluation of general and oral health of children are the BMI and DMFT/dmft, respectively. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between these two indices in children aged 6-12 years.   Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 300 children aged 6-12 years were selected among those referred to the Dental Branch of Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Science in 2019-2020 by simple random sampling. The BMI and dmft/DMFT were calculated, and the relationship between them and the effect of influential factors on dental caries score were evaluated. Data were analyzed by the linear regression model at a confidence interval of 95% and 0.05 level of statistical significance. Results:  The study sample consisted of 168 girls and 132 boys. The mean dmft was 4.66±3.39 and the mean DMFT was 1.44±1.57 Only 11.34% of the children were underweight and 12.66% were obese; while, 60.67% had a normal weight. Oral health and nutritional behaviors of children showed that 71.3% of them brushed their teeth at least once a day and only 22% used dental floss. A correlation was found between BMI and the rate of caries in permanent teeth (P=0.046). Conclusion: No statistically significant association was observed between dmft/DMFT and BMI of children aged 6-12 years.},  
Keywords = {Body Mass Index, Dental caries, Child, DMF Index},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {95-101}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.2.95},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {HabibAgahi, Raha and Navabi, Nader and Sarabi, Moheb},  
title = {Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Denture Stomatitis and Recovery after Antifungal Treatment}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Denture stomatitis (DS) is a common oral condition which usually occurs under the maxillary removable complete dentures. Infection by Candida albicans (C. albicans) is considered as the main etiology of this lesion. The aim of the present study was to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with DS and its improvement after antifungal treatment.    Materials and Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, the patients were classified into three groups with natural teeth, complete denture wearers without DS, and DS group. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was completed once by the first two groups and twice by the DS group (before and after prescription of 100 mg fluconazole daily for 14 days). Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA, Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient at a confidence interval of 95%. Results: A total of 85 patients were included with a mean age of 69.74±7.95 years. The mean OHIP score was significantly lower in the DS group in comparison with the other two groups (P=0.0001). OHRQoL significantly improved after prescription of fluconazole for DS patients (P=0.0001). Conclusion: It appears that DS disrupts the OHRQoL of the affected patients, and systemic antifungal therapy has the potential to improve it.},  
Keywords = {Quality of Life, Stomatitis, Dentures, Antifungal Agents},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {102-109}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.2.102},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-436-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-436-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {NazemiSalman, Bahareh and Eftekhar, Leila and ArsangJang, Shahram and Taheri, Seyede Solmaz and Jafari, Fatemeh},  
title = {Knowledge and Practice of General Dentists 
Regarding the COVID-19 in Zanjan, Iran}, 
abstract ={   Background and Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) that caused the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is transmitted through close contact via respiratory droplets when an infected patient sneezes, coughs, or talks. Due to close contact with patients, dentists are at higher risk of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of general dentists in Zanjan regarding the COVID-19.   Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 general dentists working in Zanjan city in September 2021, simultaneous with the fifth wave of the COVID-19, who were selected by census sampling. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practice after assessing its reliability and validity. The effect of age, gender, work experience, and place of work on knowledge and practice of dentists was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test, and Pearson’s correlation test (alpha=0.05). Results: Of all, 89 questionnaires were returned. The mean age of the participants was 35.9 years, and 77.5% of dentists acquired their knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic through the social networks. The mean knowledge and practice scores of dentists were 70.73±10.67 and 58.51±12.81, respectively (out of 100). Dentists with 5 to 15 years of work experience had the highest level of knowledge (P=0.018). The practice score significantly increased with age (P=0.003). Also, dentists with more than 15 years of work experience acquired higher practice scores (P=0.000) Conclusion: Dentists' knowledge and practice regarding COVID-19 and its treatment was moderate to high (optimal). However, their knowledge and practice were still far from the ideal level, indicating the need for educational planning to enhance their knowledge and improve their practice to deal with COVID-19.},  
Keywords = {COVID-19, Infection Control, Knowledge, Pandemics, Practice Guideline},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {110-118}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.2.110},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-433-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-433-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zolfagharloo, Faranak and Nasr, Neda and Tavakkol, Omid and Momayezinejad, Marzieh},  
title = {Effect of Crown Dimensions on Stress Distribution in Implant Abutment Screw: A 3D Finite Element 
Analysis}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim:   This study assessed the effect of crown dimensions on stress distribution in the abutment screw upon loading using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods: Eighteen finite element models were designed using Mimics, 3D-Matic, Catia, and ANSYS software programs. Implant models were designed with 8.5-, 10- and 11.5-mm fixture heights, three different vertical cantilever heights of 8, 10, and 12 mm, and two horizontal cantilever lengths of 7 and 14 mm for the mandibular first and second molars. The interaction effect of of 120 N and 20 N loads on the implant and implant crown at the site of first molar, and the interaction effect of 150 N and 25 N loads on the cantilever at the site of second molar were analyzed. Results: By an increase in horizontal cantilever length, stress in the abutment screw, abutment, and fixture increased in all models. Stress decreased in the abutment screw and increased in the abutment and fixture by an increase in vertical cantilever. Minimum screw stress was recorded in implants with 8.5 mm fixture height, 7 mm horizontal cantilever, and 12 mm vertical cantilever. Maximum screw stress was noted in implants with 11.5 mm fixture height, 14 mm horizontal cantilever, and 8 mm vertical cantilever. Conclusion: According to FEA, increasing the horizontal and vertical cantilever length may result in an increased risk of screw loosening and fatigue fracture due to increased stress values in the screw or in other components (abutment and fixture), respectively.},  
Keywords = {Dental Implants, Dental Prosthesis Design, Dental Stress Analysis, Finite Element Analysis},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {119-127}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.2.119},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-400-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-400-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {BarzegarGhahfarokhi, Mahsa and ZareJahromi, Maryam and Ranjbarian, Parisa and Mahmoudi, Sadaf},  
title = {Knowledge and Practice of Dental Students and Dentists Regarding Infection Control Protocols in Isfahan, Iran}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Transmission of infectious agents may occur in dental practice. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the knowledge and practice of general dentists, dental specialists, postgraduate students, and undergraduate 5th and 6th year dental students about infection control and prevention of cross-contamination in dental office.   Materials and Methods: A total of 155 dental specialists, general dentists, and postgraduate and undergraduate 5th and 6th year dental students participated in this cross-sectional study. The self-administered questionnaire was composed of 2 parts (knowledge and practice). Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests, one-way ANOVA, t-test and Bonferroni test (alpha =0.05). Results: No significant difference was found in knowledge about the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS transmission, wearing a mask, and use of protective glasses, shields or gown for each patient, among the participants. A significant difference was found in the practice of study groups regarding the use of protective glasses, shields or gown (P=0.003). Conclusion: In general, the knowledge of participants about infection control was poor; however, their practice was different and there is a need for further education to enhance the knowledge of dental healthcare providers about infection control.},  
Keywords = {Professional Practice, Infection Control, Knowledge, Dentists},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {128-137}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.2.128},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-426-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-426-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sinha, Ishika and Sinha, Devanshu},  
title = {Oral Hygiene Awareness of Patients Undergoing 
Orthodontic Treatment}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Considering the significance of oral hygiene maintenance during orthodontic treatment, this study aimed to assess the oral hygiene awareness of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and evaluate how compliant the patients are to the oral hygiene instructions given to them by dentists.    Materials and Methods:  Two researcher-designed questionnaires were used for assessment of oral hygiene awareness. One was given to patients between 12-40 years undergoing orthodontic treatment to assess the oral hygiene awareness of patients, and the other questionnaire was given to general dentists and orthodontists to assess their awareness regarding the provision of patients with ideal oral hygiene instructions. Each questionnaire consisted of 15 questions, and the study was conducted from June 2021 to August 2021. The questionnaires were administered online to 200 orthodontic patients and 200 dentists of various colleges in Tamil Nadu. Both male and female patients were included. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by a content validity index of 0.73. Results: Averagely 40% of patients did not follow the instructions given by their dentists and hence were unaware of oral hygiene maintenance measures during orthodontic treatment. The majority of patients (77%) were compliant to regular monthly appointments. Also, females were more concerned and more aware of how to maintain a good oral health, as compared to males. Conclusion: In the present study, most patients were compliant to their regular appointment schedules. A considerable number of patients did not follow the instructions given by their dentists and hence remained unaware of oral hygiene maintenance measures during orthodontic treatment.},  
Keywords = {Oral Hygiene, Orthodontic Appliances, Appointments and Sched-ules},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {138-143}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.2.138},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-498-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-498-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mahmoudian, Saeid and Farhadi, Sareh and Hosseinzadeh, Maryam},  
title = {Management of Patients with Concomitant 
Somatosensory Tinnitus and Temporomandibular Disorder: A Case Series}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Multiple studies have shown the common co-occurrence of tinnitus and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This study assessed the effectiveness of a conservative treatment for TMD signs and symptoms of six patients with tinnitus-related complaints.    Materials and Methods: Six patients with persistent non-pulsatile tinnitus were evaluated in this case series. The tinnitus characteristics evaluated included pitch and loudness matching (PMT-LMT), minimum masking level (MML), and residual inhibition (RI). In addition, the Persian versions of the 52-item Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and the Steigerwald/Maher TMD Disability Index (SMTDI) were used. The corresponding TMD treatment plan was subsequently implemented, taking into account the subtype of the disease. The data were statistically analyzed at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The mean SMTDI score significantly decreased after treatment (P=0.0001) and the symptoms of TMD effectively resolved. Comparison of visual analog scale (VAS) scores of tinnitus patients before and after TMD therapy indicated statistically significant changes (P<0.05) in intensity, irritation, and awareness. Comparison of the mean tinnitus evaluation test scores before and after TMD therapy in tinnitus patients indicated a significant change only in PMT (P=0.039). Comparison of THI and TQ scores before and after TMD therapy revealed significant changes in tinnitus patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: In case of correct selection of patients with concurrent somatosensory tinnitus and TMD signs and symptoms, TMD therapy might alleviate this condition, according to the present findings. Consequently, a multidisciplinary approach may be useful in treatment of such cases.},  
Keywords = {Tinnitus, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, 
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome, Somatosensory Disorders},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {144-153}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.2.144},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-391-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-391-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sharif, Helia and Aghayan, Shabnam},  
title = {New Approaches for Gummy Smile Treatment: 
A Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Nowadays, facial esthetics has become the main concern for many people. Gummy smile (GS) is a common complaint that affects the esthetics and psychological status of patients. The aim of this study was to review GS treatment options.   Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted in three databases of PubMed, Wiley and Cochrane Library from January 2015 up to August 2021. According to the eligibility criteria, a total of 41 relevant papers were retrieved and reviewed. Results: Based on the available data, several techniques have been reported for GS treatment, such as lip repositioning, crown lengthening, orthognathic surgery, laser application, botulinum toxin (BT) injection, hyaluronic acid injection, and micro autologous fat transplantation (MAFT). Combination of two or three of these techniques may yield a better result. Conclusion: A wide variety of procedures are available based on the cause of GS. The new, less invasive, faster and safer alternative techniques were shown to be feasible with a long-lasting result and minimal postoperative sequelae. Such treatment options for various types of GS can lead to significant improvement in smile esthetics with high patient satisfaction.  },  
Keywords = {Botulinum Toxins, Esthetics, Gingivectomy, Lasers, Smiling, Transplantation},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {154-161}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.8.2.154},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-368-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-368-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Babasafari, Arezu and Jalalian, Ezatollah and Zarbakhsh, Arash and Rostamian, Abdolkarim and Golalipour, Shaghayegh and khorshidi, Sotoudeh},  
title = {Effect of Horizontal Cantilever on Microgap and 
Microleakage Through the Implant-Straight 
Abutment Interface in Cement-Retained Crowns}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of horizontal cantilever on microgap and microleakage at the implant-straight abutment interface in cement-retained crowns.    Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 12 implant-abutment assemblies and 12 cement-retained crowns were evaluated. The implant fixtures were bone-level, and had 10 mm length and 4 mm diameter. Straight titanium abutments had 7 mm length, 4 mm diameter, and 1 mm gingival height with Morse-Taper connection. Two groups were evaluated: 6 cement-retained crowns with a horizontal cantilever (test group) and 6 cement-retained crows without a horizontal cantilever (case group). The assemblies underwent load cycling in a chewing simulator. Cyclic load (75 N) with 1 Hz frequency was applied along the longitudinal axis of each specimen to the triangular ridge between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual cusps of the crown. The amount of microgap before and after cyclic loading, and the microleakage score after immersion in fuchsine were evaluated under a light microscope.  Data were compared by t-test (alpha=0.05). Results: The change in microgap after cyclic loading compared with before was not significant in the control group (P=0.724). However, in the case group, the amount of microgap significantly increased after cyclic loading compared with before (P=0.000). Microleakage in the case group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P=0.019). Conclusion: Horizontal cantilever caused horizontal microgap and increased the microleakage at the implant-straight abutment interface.},  
Keywords = {Dental Implants, Single-Tooth, Dental Implant-Abutment Design, Dental Leakage},
volume = {8},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {162-170}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.3.162},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-416-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-416-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MehrabanJahromi, Sarira and AlidadNaeeni, Mohammad and MostafaPour, Reza and Nahidi, Reza and KaboudanianArdestani, Ali},  
title = {Effect of One- and Two-Step Processing Techniques on Flexural Strength of Denture Base Acrylic Resin in Dry and Wet Conditions}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study compared the flexural strength (FS) of heat-cure acrylic resin following one- and two-step processing techniques in dry and wet conditions.   Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 acrylic specimens (3×10×65 mm) were fabricated (ISO20795-1) and flasked using a type III dental stone. The specimens were heated to 70°C for one hour and baked for 30 minutes at 100°C. After cooling and polishing, 30 specimens were randomly selected; of which, 15 were stored in 37°C water, and 15 in dry condition for one month. The remaining 30 were flasked again, baked, and divided into two subgroups for storage in dry and wet conditions. The FS of specimens was measured by a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α=0.05). Results: The mean FS was 57.5±4.8 MPa and 61.7±4 MPa for specimens subjected to one-step processing and stored in wet and dry conditions, respectively. These values were 56.6±4 MPa and 64.7±2.9 MPa for specimens subjected to two-step processing and stored in wet and dry conditions, respectively (P<0.05). The difference in FS of specimens stored in dry and wet conditions was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The two-step processing technique increased the FS while water storage decreased the FS of acrylic resin. FS of specimens subjected to one-step processing with water storage was slightly higher than that of specimens subjected to two-step processing with water storage. FS experienced a greater reduction following two-step processing in a wet environment compared with one-step processing.  },  
Keywords = {Acrylic Resins, Flexural Strength, Polymethyl 
Methacrylate},
volume = {8},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {171-178}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.3.171},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-472-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-472-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Amini, Saman and Fazlyab, Mahta and Moshari, Amir Abbas and Soltani, Nik},  
title = {Comparative Effects of Calcium Hydroxide in 
Combination with Ciprofloxacin or Betamethasone Against Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) in combination with betamethasone or ciprofloxacin on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm.   Materials and Methods: This ex vivo experimental study was conducted on 95 single-rooted human teeth. The root canals were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis. The samples were incubated for 8 weeks, and biofilm formation was confirmed by observation of 2 samples under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and culture in 3 samples. The remaining samples were divided into three groups (n=30): CH + betamethasone eye drop, CH + ciprofloxacin eye drop, and CH + saline. Microbial analysis was performed at 1, 7 and 10 days. The colony count was measured. Comparisons were made by two-way ANOVA and a post-hoc test using SPSS. Results: On day 1, the highest colony count was observed in CH + saline group. The difference in colony count between CH + ciprofloxacin and CH + betamethasone, and the difference between CH + betamethasone and CH + saline were not significant at days 7 and 10. CH + ciprofloxacin showed significantly lower colony count than CH + saline at 1 (P=0.001), 7 (P=0.004) and 10 (P=0.002) days. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that betamethasone and ciprofloxacin were appropriate carriers for CH and resulted in suitable antibacterial effects against E. faecalis.},  
Keywords = {Betamethasone, Biofilms, Calcium Hydroxide, 
Ciprofloxacin, Enterococcus faecalis},
volume = {8},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {179-186}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.3.179},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-475-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-475-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Paryab, Mehrsa and Varaghi, Parastoo and Mosharafian, Shahram and Kharrazifard, Mohammad Jav},  
title = {Timing of Permanent Tooth Development in an 
Iranian Subpopulation}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Studies conducted on the Iranian population have mainly focused on tooth eruption or estimation of chronological age of children. This study aimed to assess the time of onset and completion of calcification of permanent teeth in an Iranian subpopulation.   Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 778 panoramic radiographs of subjects presenting to a public clinic in Tehran. Date of birth and exact date of taking the radiograph were recorded. The Demirjian’s method was used for determination of dental developmental stage. The median age for different calcification stages was separately determined for the maxillary and mandibular teeth. Time of each calcification stage in the maxilla and mandible in males and females was compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and independent sample t-test. Results: The chronological age of subjects was between 3 to 18 years. The median age for different developmental stages of teeth was determined. All developmental stages began sooner in the mandible (P<0.05). In comparison of males and females, no significant difference was noted in development of maxillary central incisors and first molars and mandibular central and lateral incisors and first molars (P>0.05). Completion of crown and root of other teeth specially the canines occurred faster and terminated sooner in females than males (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present results showed that the development of teeth in female children occurred sooner and in a different order. This difference was more significant in development of root of last erupted teeth during late mixed dentition period.  },  
Keywords = {Dentition, Permanent, Radiography, Tooth Calcification},
volume = {8},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {187-195}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.3.187},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-467-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-467-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jafari-Naeimi, Alireza and Rabiee, Elahe and Hajipour, Zohre and Hosseini, Farzaneh and Sayanjali, Elham},  
title = {Force Degradation Properties of Two Nickel-Titanium Closed Coil Springs}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to compare two nickel-titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs (CCSs) from two different manufacturers regarding their force degradation over 4- and 8-week periods.    Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 20 NiTi CCSs from 3M® and GAC® were compared. The springs were extended until a tensile strength of 250 g was achieved, and the length of springs was recorded. They were then mounted on customized jigs according to the registered length, so as to keep them extended constantly. Springs from each manufacturer (n=10) were randomly divided into two subgroups (n=5): one subgroup was stored in artificial saliva and the other was stored in a dry environment. The forces were assessed 4 and 8 weeks later. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey post-hoc test (alpha=0.05). Results: The mean force of 3M® CCSs significantly decreased by 56% after 4 weeks and 14% after 8 weeks in dry condition, and by 46% after 4 weeks in wet environment; however, after 8 weeks in wet environment, the force decay was insignificant. The changes in force of GAC® CCSs in dry environment after 4 weeks and 8 weeks were not significant, indicating a constant force property. However, in artificial saliva, a statistically significant yet mild increase in force level was recorded. Conclusion: The results showed a force decay for the 3M® CCSs after 4 weeks while for the GAC® CCSs, an almost constant force level was observed even after 8 weeks.},  
Keywords = {Orthodontics, Dental Alloys, Orthodontic Appliance 
Design, Artificial Saliva},
volume = {8},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {196-202}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.3.196},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-442-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-442-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hoshyari, Narjes and Mesgarani, Abbas and ShokrzadehLamuki, Mohammad and Motafeghi, Farzane and Mousavi, Seyed Jaber and VagharMousavi, Mil},  
title = {Cytotoxicity of Two Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers and AH Plus Resin-Based Sealer for Human Gingival Fibroblasts}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The main goal of root canal treatment is to three-dimensionally seal the root canal system. Since sealer may contact the periapical tissue, it should be biocompatible and safe for the body. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of MTA Fillapex and Endoseal MTA calcium silicate-based sealers and AH Plus resin-based sealer for human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).    Materials and Methods:  In this in vitro study, extracts of AH Plus, Endoseal MTA, and MTA Fillapex were obtained, serially diluted 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8, and were exposed to HGFs. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha=0.05). Results: No significant difference existed between AH Plus 1:2 and MTA Fillapex 1:2 concentrations regarding the cell viability percentage (P>0.05). However, the difference between these two sealers in other concentrations was significant (P<0.05). No significant difference existed in AH Pus 1:4, Endoseal MTA 1:2, and MTA Fillapex 1:2 in cell viability (P>0.05); however, the difference among other concentrations of the three sealers was significant (P<0.05). The difference among AH Plus 1:8, Endoseal MTA 1:4, and MTA Fillapex 1:4 and 1:8 concentrations was not significant (P>0.05) but the difference among other concentrations was significant (P<0.05). Endoseal MTA 1:8 showed the highest and AH Plus 1:2 showed the lowest cell viability. Conclusion: Endoseal MTA in all concentrations had lower cytotoxicity than MTA Fillapex and AH Plus and resulted in higher viability of HGFs.},  
Keywords = {Root Canal Obturation, Calcium Compounds, Epoxy Resins, Dental Cements, Fibroblast},
volume = {8},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {203-209}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.3.203},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-464-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-464-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {RathanA.C., Lakshmi and Varma, Shreeya and Narayanan, Vivek and Chandran, Saravanan and Ramakrishnan, Kartik},  
title = {Perception of Dental Students and Practitioners Towards Dento-Legal Aspects of Dentistry}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Dental surgeons are responsible for each and every step taken for dental treatment of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, experience, and perception of dental students and practitioners regarding dento-legal aspects of dentistry.   Materials and Methods: A total of 200 students and dental practitioners were selected from the Chennai colleges. A well-structured validated questionnaire comprising of 21 questions related to dento-legal aspects of dentistry was used for data collection to assess the knowledge, experience, and perception of participants regarding dento-legal aspects of dentistry, which included clinical scenario-based questions. The responses were tabulated and analyzed using OpenEpi software. All variables were analyzed descriptively. Results: Out of 200 participants surveyed, 53.6% were dental practitioners and 46.4% were dental students. Of all, 75% of dental practitioners and students were well aware of the dento-legal issues. Also, 50% of undergraduates and 65% of postgraduates were aware of their rights to protect themselves in legal cases. More than 50% of dental practitioners and students were aware of how to manage mishaps in a dental clinic. Out of 200 participants, 70% of dental practitioners and students were aware of the rules and regulations, and liabilities related to their practice. Conclusion: Considering the present results, more emphasis should be placed on raising awareness among undergraduates regarding dento-legal aspects of dentistry and prevention of mishaps due to negligence during treatments.},  
Keywords = {Awareness, Dentists, Students, Dental, Ethics, Medical},
volume = {8},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {210-216}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.3.210},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-500-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-500-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {YadegariNaini, Afshin and Kobravi, Sepehr and Jafari, Ai},  
title = {Intraoral Management of a Root Displaced into the Submandibular Space: A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Displacement of a tooth or part of it into the adjacent anatomical structures is a serious complication of oral surgical procedures. Herein, we report intraoral management of a root displaced into the submandibular space.   Case Presentation: A 46-year-old female was referred by a dentist to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery for management of a displaced right mandibular third molar root into the submandibular space. The patient had undergone unsuccessful extraction of the tooth under local anesthesia 2 weeks earlier. On clinical examination, the floor of the mouth was tender on palpation, and slight edema was noted extra-orally at the right mandibular angle. Panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were requested, which showed presence of a residual root segment (high density mass) in the right submandibular region. The dislodged root was removed intraorally under general anesthesia without any postoperative complication. Conclusion: Displacement of tooth/tooth fragments into anatomical spaces after molar extraction can be avoided by adequate preoperative evaluation of patient and adoption of a meticulous surgical technique by an expert oral surgeon.  },  
Keywords = {Molar, Mandible, Tooth Extraction, Tooth Root},
volume = {8},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {217-220}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.3.217},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-385-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-385-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MasannanMozaffari, Pegah and Saeedi, Nooshin and Mohtasham, Mahdi and Khosravi, Farzaneh and Farjami, Fatane},  
title = {Giant Cell Fibroma of the Oral Cavity: Case Series and Literature Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Oral giant cell fibroma (GCF) is a benign fibrous tumor that is histologically characterized by large, stellate, and mono- or multinucleated giant cells. GCF is an asymptomatic, sessile, or pedunculated exophytic lesion, usually smaller than 1 cm, with a smooth or papillary surface and the same color as the oral mucosa. The role of trauma in development of GCF has been contradictory. Knowledge about the characteristics of this lesion can help in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients.   Case Presentation: This article describes five cases of GCF in Iranian patients, two of which were found in an uncommon location (buccal mucosa). Two were larger than usual (> 1 cm) and one had clinical manifestations resembling pyogenic granuloma. Patients were selected from two oral medicine centers. Conclusion: To distinguish GCF from other types of irritation fibroma, size, location, and presence or absence of stimulating factors should not preclude diagnosis. The diagnosis is confirmed by detection of giant cells in histological examination.},  
Keywords = {Fibroma, Mouth, Oral Medicine},
volume = {8},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {221-225}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.3.221},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-439-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-439-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tabatabaeian, Mohammadreza and Esfahanian, Vahi},  
title = {Effect of Acemannan/Aloe Vera on Bone Regeneration Specially in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A Literature Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: With the advances in technology, the use of natural materials has broadened. Acemannan is the main polysaccharide in aloe vera plant. It is a natural and biocompatible polymer with low toxicity. The acemannan monomers include mannose, glucose and galactose. Due to its biological properties, acemannan could be useful in bone regeneration.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acemannan/aloe vera on bone regeneration and extraction socket healing.   Materials and Methods: In this review article, an electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus from 1996 to June 2022. Relevant data based on clinical indications were extracted. Twenty original articles, including 4 in vitro studies, 8 animal, and 8 human studies were reviewed. The inclusion criterion was articles that directly and originally evaluated the correlation of bone regeneration and acemannan/aloe vera. Results: Over 30 studies were found in this field by database searching. According to the results, the proposed items could be categorized into 3 major groups of animals, human, and in vitro studies. Animal studies were divided into two groups of bone defect regeneration and extraction socket healing. Also, human studies were divided into two groups of bone defect regeneration and sinus floor elevation/guided bone regeneration surgeries. All studies reported positive effect of Acemannan/aloe vera on bone healing and regeneration. Conclusion: Acemannan/aloe vera may be considered as a bioactive molecule due to induction and acceleration of bone formation.},  
Keywords = {Acemannan, Aloe vera, Bone Regeneration, Tissue Engineering},
volume = {8},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {226-235}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.3.226},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-479-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-479-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Golestaneh, Golnoosh and Rafiei, Mehdi and Golestaneh, Arash},  
title = {Maximum Bite Force of Skeletal Class II  Pa-tients Between 18-30 Years Before and After 
Orthognathic Surgery}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The bite force changes due to alterations in the lever system of the jaw following orthognathic surgery. This study aimed to assess the changes in the maximum bite force of skeletal Class II patients between 18-30 years after orthognathic surgery compared with the preoperative state. Materials and Methods: This inception cohort study evaluated 17 patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion (mandibular deficiency) and normal vertical dimension between 18-30 years who underwent mandibular advancement surgery. The maximum bite force on the mandibular first molars was measured preoperatively and at 6 weeks, and 3 and 6 months, postoperatively. The overjet and overbite were also measured on diagnostic casts. Data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mauchly’s test, the Greenhouse–Geisser correction, and the Spearman and Pearson’s correlation coefficients.  Results: The mean maximum bite force preoperatively was significantly higher than that at 6 weeks (P<0.001), 3 months (P<0.001), and 6 months (P<0.001), postoperatively. No significant difference was noted in the mean bite force in the right and left sides of the jaw (P=0.589). The overbite and maximum bite force were not significantly correlated in the right (P=0.181) or the left (P=0.134) side, preoperatively. The overjet had no significant correlation with the maximum bite force in the right (P=0.881) or the left (P=0.677) side, preoperatively. Conclusion: Mandibular advancement surgery in skeletal Class II patients with mandibular deficiency decreases the maximum bite force in the first 6 months, postoperatively.},  
Keywords = {Malocclusion, Angle Class II, Bite Force, Mandibular Osteotomy, Micrognathism},
volume = {8},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {236-242}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.4.236},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-462-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-462-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nouri, Aisan and Sheikhi, Mostafa and HajiSeyedJavadi, Seyed Ki},  
title = {Relationship between the Estimated Dental Age and Chronological Age Using the Demirjian Method in an Iranian Population}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The most valid method for radiographic estimation of dental age is the Demirjian method. However, the use of Demirjian indices has shown variations among different races worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the chronological age and dental age of 6-15-year-old children in Zanjan, Iran by using the Demirjian method.   Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, 250 panoramic radiographs of children aged 6 to 15 years in Zanjan, Iran were used. The dental age was calculated from the radiographic images based on the calcification stage of all left mandibular teeth according to the Demirjian method. The chronological age and demographic data were collected based on patient records. The relationship between the chronological age and dental age was analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon test. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the chronological age and dental age of all participants (r=0.93). Comparing the mean chronological age and dental age of the participants showed a significant difference between the two values (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it may be concluded that despite significant statistical differences, the Demirjian method has sufficient clinical accuracy for dental age estimation in 6–15-year-olds in Zanjan, Iran.},  
Keywords = {Age Determination by Teeth, Child, Iran, Radiography, Panoramic, Tooth Calcification},
volume = {8},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {243-248}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.4.243},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-495-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-495-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Madihi, Negar and Hoorizadganjkar, Maryam and Nasoohi, Negin and KaboudanianArdestani, Ali},  
title = {Effect of Polywave and Monowave Light Curing Units on Color Change of Composites Containing Trime-thylbenzoyl-Diphenyl-Phosphine Before and After Aging}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The use of traditional camphorquinone (CQ) photo-initiators in dental composites may cause undesirable yellow discoloration. An alternative photo-initiator called lucirin trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide (TPO) was recently introduced which exhibits minimal color change (ΔE). This study evaluated the color change of TPO-containing composites cured by different types of light-curing units, after accelerated artificial aging (AAA).   Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, specimens were fabricated from Tetric N-Ceram and Vit-l-escence TPO-containing composites with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness (n=10) and light-cured by Bluephase G2 polywave and Bluephase C5 monowave curing units. The samples were polished with Sof-Lex discs and underwent initial colorimetry by a spectrophotometer after 24 hours. Aging was performed for 384 hours in a weathering chamber and final colorimetry was then performed. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results: The interaction effect of light curing unit and composite type on ΔE was not significant (P=0.53). The mean ΔE of Vit-l-escence and Tetric N-Ceram cured with Bluephase G2 and Bluephase C5 light-curing units was 1.67±0.48 and 1.62±0.45, and 2.59±0.29 and 2.69±0.26, respectively. Tetric N-Ceram demonstrated significantly greater ΔE than Vit-l-escence (P=0.001). Light curing units had no significant difference in ΔE (P=0.80). Conclusion: The ΔE of TPO-containing composites does not depend on the type of light curing unit but depends on the type of composite. Aging caused discoloration of the composites but this discoloration was clinically acceptable (ΔE<3. 3).  },  
Keywords = {Aging, Composite Resins, Curing Lights, Dental, 
Photoinitiators, Dental},
volume = {8},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {249-256}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.4.249},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-505-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-505-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tavakolinejad, Zahra and SheikhFathollahi, Mahmood and Mirzaei, farzaneh and Mirzaei, Farzaneh and Mirzaei, Elham},  
title = {Comparison of Antibacterial Properties of an 
Orthodontic Composite Containing Silver and Amor-phous Tricalcium Phosphate Nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans: An In Vitro Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Formation of white spot lesions, due to plaque accumulation and bacterial biofilm growth, is a common complication in orthodontic treatment. The present study aimed to compare the antibacterial properties of an orthodontic composite containing silver (Ag) and amorphous tricalcium phosphate (ATCP) nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).   Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 0.3% w/w Ag nanoparticles and 3% w/w ATCP nanoparticles were added to Transbond XT orthodontic composite. Totally, 48 composite discs were fabricated in three groups) n=16). The experimental groups included composite specimens containing nanoparticles and the control group included composite specimens without nanoparticles. The antibacterial effects of composite discs with and without nanoparticles against S. mutans (ATCC 35668) in the three groups were assessed by the direct contact test after 24 hours and 30 days. The number of bacterial colonies was visually counted in the three groups and compared. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparisons test. P-values under 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The antibacterial properties of nano-composites significantly increased in both experimental groups of composites containing Ag and ATCP nanoparticles, compared to the control group (P<0.001). The highest antibacterial activity was observed in the orthodontic composite containing ATCP nanoparticles. Conclusion: Addition of Ag and ATCP nanoparticles to orthodontic light-cure composite increases its antibacterial activity against S. mutans.  },  
Keywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents, Composite Resins, Nanoparticles, Silver, Streptococcus mutans},
volume = {8},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {257-264}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.4.257},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-491-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-491-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Namdar, Parasto and Molania, Tahereh and Hoshyari, Narjes and Lotfizadeh, Anahita and Alimohammadi, Mona and Khojastehfar, Mana and HaddadiKohsar, Azam},  
title = {Evaluation of Root and Canal Morphology of 
Maxillary First and Second Molars by Cone Beam Computed Tomography in a Northern Iranian 
Population}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: A thorough understanding of tooth and root canal morphology is required for successful root canal treatment. The current study aimed to assess the canal and root morphology of maxillary first molars (MFMs) and maxillary second molars (MSMs) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).   Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CBCT scans of 400 patients were used. The number of roots and canals, as well as the morphology of the root canal system of MFMs and MSMs were assessed according to the Vertucci’s classification, separately sorted by gender and by using OnDemand3D dental software. To compare the variables, the Chi-square test was used with a significance level of 0.05. Results: All the MFMs and MSMs had three roots. The most common morphologies according to the Vertucci’s classification in mesiobuccal (MB) roots of MFMs were type II (43.1%), followed by types I (28.7%), and IV (19.8%); while, types I (63.5%) and II (18.7%) were more commonly found in the MB roots of MSMs. All distobuccal (DB) and palatal roots were type I. The frequency of the second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal in MFMs and MSMs was 71.3% and 36.6%, respectively. Gender had no significant correlation with presence of MB2 canal (P>0.05). Conclusion: Three roots with four canals were the most common in MFMs while three roots with three canals were the most frequent in MSMs. Variations in MB roots were greater than in other roots. The frequency of MB2 in MFMs was greater than that in MSMs.},  
Keywords = {Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Dental Pulp 
Cavity, Maxilla, Molar, Tooth Root},
volume = {8},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {265-273}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.4.265},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-490-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-490-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mirzaee, Soheila and Shoorgashti, Reyhaneh and Sadri, Donia and Farhadi, Sareh},  
title = {Comparison of EGFR Expression in Ameloblastoma and Odontogenic Keratocyst}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Ameloblastoma (AM) and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) are common lesions with a high recurrence rate. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates cell proliferation and survival. Considering the controversial results of previous studies regarding the expression of EGFR in odontogenic cysts, this study aimed to compare the expression of EGFR in AM and OKC.   Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 49 specimens (20 AM and 26 OKC) were evaluated. Five micrometer sections were made for immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using super-sensitive one-step polymer-HRP. Expression of EGFR was first assessed quantitatively by measuring the count of membrane- and/or cytoplasm-stained epithelial cells in AM  (ameloblastoma-like cells, stellate reticulum, and all epithelial cell layers) and OKC (basal layer, suprabasal and basal layers, and all epithelial cell layers). Next, each specimen's mean percentage of stained cells was scored and classified into four groups (less than 5%, 5-25%, 25-50%, and more than 50% stained cells). Data were analyzed by t-test and Mann-Whitney test to compare the mean EGFR expression and the percentage of stained cells. The Chi-square test was used to compare the location of EGFR expression. Results: The mean percentage of EGFR expression was 81.39±10.41% in AM and 78.05±19.27% in OKC. The results showed no significant difference between AM and OKC regarding EGFR expression, EGFR score (P=0.141), or EGFR expression in different layers (P=0.303).     Conclusion: EGFR expression showed no significant difference between AM and OKC.},  
Keywords = {Ameloblastoma, ErbB Receptors, Odontogenic Cysts},
volume = {8},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {274-279}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.4.274},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-502-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-502-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Parivar, Masumeh and Rezaie, Akbar and BabaporKheiroddin, Jalil},  
title = {Effects of Emotional Self-Regulation Strategies and Regular Desensitization on Anxiety and Fear of Adult Dental Patients: A Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Dental anxiety and fear are prevalent among adult patients, necessitating behavioral interventions. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of emotional self-regulation strategies and regular desensitization for alleviation of anxiety and fear of adult dental patients.   Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 40 adult dental patients selected by purposeful sampling, who were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=20) received emotional self-regulation strategies, and group 2 (n=20) underwent regular desensitization. Data were collected using the Dental Fear Survey and Dental Anxiety Inventory (DAI). Group 1 patients participated in 8 sessions of emotional self-regulation, each lasting 1.30 hours, while group 2 were engaged in an 8-session regular desensitization program of the same duration. Data analysis was performed using t-test and paired t-test. Results: Both emotional self-regulation strategies and regular desensitization significantly decreased the fear and anxiety of adult dental patients (P<0.01). Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in the impact of emotional self-regulation strategies and regular desensitization on fear and anxiety of dental patients (P>0.05). Conclusion: Emotional self-regulation strategies and regular desensitization yield comparable effects on the anxiety and fear of adult dental patients.   },  
Keywords = {Fear, Anxiety, Emotional Regulation, Desensitization, Psychologic, Dentistry},
volume = {8},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {280-285}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.4.280},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-317-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-317-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shirani, Amir Mansour and Khosravi, Maryam and Ardestani, Mahshid and Ashtari, Fereshteh},  
title = {Pemphigus Vulgaris in a Patient with Multiple 
Sclerosis: A Case Report with 7 Years of Follow Up}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe life-threatening autoimmune disease that causes intraepithelial blisters. PV has been reported in association with some autoimmune diseases. But only few cases (fewer than 10 reports according to literature search) have been reported regarding the association of PV with multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a life-threatening, inflammatory demyelinating disease, causing severe disability.   Case Presentation: Our patient was a 40-year-old female complaining of gingival ulcers. She had MS for the past 10 years. Biopsy and immunoassay were done and PV was confirmed. The patient has been followed up for 7 years so far. Conclusion: It is necessary to pay attention to mild oral ulcers in MS patients because they may be related to severe blistering diseases like PV.},  
Keywords = {Pemphigus, Multiple Sclerosis, Oral Ulcer},
volume = {8},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {286-290}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.4.286},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-477-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-477-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Dehghanpourbarouj, Mehrdad and Ghaffarpasand, Arash and Farzan, Avishan and Tabrizi, Reza and Alam, Mostaf},  
title = {Treatment of an Old Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture in a 9-Year-Old Child: A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC)refers to a main buttress in the skeleton of the midface. When open reduction and rigid fixation is selected as the treatment of choice for a ZMC fracture in pediatric patients, several factors such as immature dentition and growth potential of patient should be taken into account. This case report describes treatment of an old ZMC fracture in a 9-year-old child.    Case Presentation: A 9-year-old child was referred due to left ZMC fracture and orbital floor fracture with severe displacement. Open reduction and internal fixation of the ZMC fracture was performed using titanium plates. The orbital floor was reconstructed with a titanium mesh and the maxillary buttress fracture was reconstructed with an iliac crest bone graft. After surgery, the patient had an appropriate recovery and showed stable results. Conclusion: In a ZMC fracture with considerable displacement and an orbital floor fracture in children, 3-point fixation with titanium plate and reconstruction of the orbital floor are recommended.        },  
Keywords = {Orbital Fractures, Zygomatic Fractures, Ilium},
volume = {8},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {291-294}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.4.291},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-504-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-504-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shoorgashti, Reyhaneh and Etemadi, Ardavan and Mirzaee, Soheila and Shoorgashti, Rami},  
title = {Correlation of Periodontitis and In Vitro 
Fertilization Outcome: A Literature Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study reviewed the literature regarding the correlation of periodontal disease and outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Materials and Methods: "IVF", "In Vitro Fertilization", and "Periodontitis" were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to find English articles published up to August 2022. A free online resource developed by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health was used to search the grey literature. Duplicate screening and extraction of citations were also carried out. No search filter was applied during searching. Two independent reviewers evaluated the title and abstract of the retrieved articles. Next, the articles retrieved in the initial search were reviewed independently for relevant information to the research question. Results: The relationship between periodontitis and IVF has been studied in a limited number of studies. According to most articles, periodontal disease may affect IVF implantation and vice versa in women who want to conceive through this procedure. Low sperm motility and reduction in sperm count were also seen in males with periodontitis. Only one study found no correlation between the presence of periodontal disease and unwanted IVF results.    Conclusion: According to the results, periodontitis can impair the reproductive function since it causes systemic bacteremia. Oral health should be addressed by the primary care providers before the onset of any fertility treatment. There is; however, a need for further investigations into the possible implications of periodontal disease in women seeking fertility care.  },  
Keywords = {Mouth Diseases, Periodontal Diseases, Reproductive Techniques, Sperm Injections},
volume = {8},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {295-301}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.61186/jrdms.8.4.295},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-474-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-474-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2023}  
}