@article{ 
author = {Aghayan, SH and BarzegarReyhani, N},  
title = {Role of Photodynamic Therapy in Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to provide an overview about the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) versus SRP alone in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with a minimum duration of 3 months, evaluating PDT+SRP versus SRP alone in non-surgical periodontal treatment of patients diagnosed with aggressive or chronic periodontitis who had at least 2 teeth with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm, and in vitro studies evaluating the effect of adjunctive PDT on proliferation or viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were included. An electronic search of the literature was carried out mainly through PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar for relevant English articles published from January 2011 to January 2021 using the following keywords: "photodynamic therapy" and “periodontitis" or “periodontal diseases”. Results: Twelve articles were reviewed in this study. Analysis of the clinical attachment level (CAL), PD, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and microbiological counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) demonstrated variable outcomes. Five articles revealed significant improvement of clinical parameters in the PDT groups compared with the control group (P<0.05); five studies reported significant improvement of CAL (P<0.05). However, three studies found no significant difference between PDT and control groups in terms of CAL (P>0.05). Conclusion: PDT+SRP could help improve the periodontal parameters, compared with SRP alone. Further studies are required to reach a stronger conclusion regarding the superiority of one over the other.},  
Keywords = {Photochemotherapy, Root Planing, Periodontitis},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-7}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.1.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-316-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-316-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Vaziri, F and Kamaladdini, M},  
title = {The Effects of Chewing Gum on the Formation of Plaque on the Smooth Teeth Surface}, 
abstract ={Background and objectives: Gingivitis is the most common gingival inflammatory disease. Plaque control methods play a major role in the prevention of periodontal disease and dental caries, which include mechanical and chemical technique. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of chewing gum on dental plaque on smooth teeth surface. Methods: A cross-over clinical trial was conducted on 18 subjects. The study was conducted in two 2-day duration with a 4-day wash out period. At the beginning of the study, subjects received professional prophylaxis. During the study period, they refused to brush and floss. Volunteers in the test group were instructed to chew one pellet four times a day for 20 min. On the third day, O'Leary and the Bleeding Point Index were measured. In the second stage, two groups were displaced. Finally, the data were subjected to statistical analysis by paired t-test and Wilcoxon. Results: There was no significant reduction in plaque and bleeding index in test group (P =0.187) compared to control group. Conclusion: In the absence of oral health procedure, chewing gum has no significant effect on plaque reduction in the smooth teeth surface.},  
Keywords = {Chewing gum, plaque Index, Gingivitis},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {8-14}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.1.8},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Delvarani, A and Arzhangi, F and Mohamadi, M and Toursavadkouhi, S},  
title = {Tubular Penetration Depth of AH26 and MTA Fillapex Root Canal Sealers in Human Single-Rooted Teeth: An Ex Vivo Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim:  The purpose of this study was to compare dentinal tubular penetration of two root canal sealers namely AH26 and MTA Fillapex in single-rooted teeth by scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods:  Thirty-five mature human single-rooted teeth were selected. Cleaning and shaping was performed. The teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups. AH26 was delivered into the canals in group 1, and MTA Fillapex was delivered into the root canals in group 2 by lateral compaction technique. The roots were sectioned at 3 mm and 5 mm from the apex. The sections were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and the deepest penetration depth of sealers was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test using SPSS version 19.0. Results:   The deepest tubular penetration in group 1 at 3 mm from the apex was 808 µm while it was 717 µm in group 2 at 3 mm from the apex. The difference between the two groups was not significant (P=0.4). At 5 mm from the apex, the deepest tubular infiltration in group 1 was 995 µm while it was 915 µm in group 2. The difference between the 2 groups was not significant (P=0.4).  Conclusion:   Both sealers can be predictively used in different clinical situations when indicated .},  
Keywords = {Root Canal Preparation, Microscopy, Electron, 
Scanning, Root Canal Therapy},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {15-21}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.1.15},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-323-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-323-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kaviani, N and Haghighat, A and Marzoughi, SH and Nazeri, M and Pakravan, H},  
title = {Evaluation of Early Changes in Troponin Levels 
During Dental Surgery in Patients with a History 
of Ischemic Heart Disease}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Dental treatments may have adverse effects on patients with a previous history of coronary heart disease and lead to cardiac complications. Different biomarkers have been investigated to assess the relationship between dental treatments and cardiovascular complications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the troponin changes before and after dental surgery in patients with a history of ischemic heart disease.   Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 25 patients referred for dental surgery with a history of ischemic heart disease. The patients' demographic information including their age and gender was collected, and serum levels of troponin were measured before surgery and at 4 hours after surgery, and the results were compared. The study data were entered into SPSS version 23 and analyzed by the Student t-test and McNemar test. Results: In the present study, 25 patients including 11 males and 14 females with a mean age of 44.78 years were evaluated. The mean level of troponin was 8.01±5.94 before surgery and 6.16±4.84 after surgery. Statistically, no significant difference was found between troponin levels before and after surgery in patients (P=0.274). Conclusion: based on the results of the present study, no significant change was noted in troponin levels of patients with a previous history of ischemic heart disease at 4 hours after dental surgery.},  
Keywords = {Dentistry, Myocardial Ischemia, Troponin},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {22-27}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.1.22},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-344-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-344-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ranjbar, Z and Lavaee, F and Dordahan, H and Shahrokhisardo, M},  
title = {Prevalence of Oral Vascular Lesions in Patients 
Referred to the Oral Medicine Department of Shiraz Dental School During 2001-2017}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Assessing the common oral lesions and their prevalence is important in different populations. This study assessed the prevalence of oral vascular lesions in patients referred to the Oral Medicine Department of Shiraz Dental School.   Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was conducted in Shiraz Dental School, records of patients admitted from 2001 to 2017 were reviewed. A total of 176 patients had been diagnosed with oral vascular lesions. The mean age and gender of patients and the prevalence of vascular lesions were recorded and analyzed. Associations between the variables were explored using the Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:   A total of 176 patients had oral vascular lesions among 3,896 clinical patient records during the 16-year period (2001-2017). Of the 176 patients, 108 (61.4%) were females and 68 (38.6%) were males. The mean age at presentation was 36 ±4.5 years with an overall age range of 4-88 years. Amongst all the evaluated oral lesions, the most prevalent vascular lesion was pyogenic granuloma with 124 (3.18%) patients. Other vascular lesions were vascular malformations (n=27, 0.7%), hemangioma (n=19, 0.49%), and lymphangioma (n=6, 0.15%). There was no significant correlation between gender with vascular lesions (P=0.078) or location of lesions (P=0.143). No significant correlation was found between age with type of vascular lesion (P=0.174) or site of involvement (P=0.281). Conclusion:   Among oral vascular lesions, pyogenic granuloma was found to be the most prevalent lesion in the oral cavity.},  
Keywords = {Lymphangioma, Granuloma, Pyogenic, Hemangioma, Vascular Malformations},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {28-34}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.1.28},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-339-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-339-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Lavaee, F and Ranjbar, Z and Shahim, AM and Zarei, F},  
title = {Association of Trigeminal Neuralgia and Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of diabetes mellitus (DM) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in order to provide new insight for TN pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of DM in patients with TN and healthy controls without TN during 2007-2018. Totally, 193 participants were enrolled in the patient and control groups. These participants were selected among patients referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department of Dental School of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The age and gender of patients were matched in the two groups. DM (types 1 and 2) was diagnosed based on patient reports and routinely requested lab tests (fasting blood sugar, 2-hour post-prandial). The odds ratio (OR) and Chi-square test were used to compare the mean values. Results: The prevalence of DM in TN patients and control group was 11.4% and 9.8%, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 56.96±13.66 and 56.46±13.47 years in the TN and control groups, respectively. The difference in TN prevalence between the two groups was not significant (P=0.62). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of DM in patients with TN was higher than the control group, this difference was not significant (P>0.05). Women with TN showed DM 25% more than men with TN.},  
Keywords = {Trigeminal Neuralgia, Diabetes Mellitus, Pain},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {35-40}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.1.35},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-338-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-338-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Razeghijahromi, HR and Sadeghi, M and Iranmanesh, F and Tashakori, M},  
title = {Contamination of gutta-percha cones before and during clinical use}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Decontamination of gutta-percha (GP) cones is recommended before placement in the root canal system. However, the incidence of contamination is still a matter of debate. The present study aimed to evaluate the contamination of GP cones before and during clinical use by general dentists. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 120 GP cones (#20) were examined for incidence of contamination. First, 30 GP packages were opened under aseptic laboratory conditions, and two cones were randomly selected for the laboratory tests. Next, the initially sampled packages were distributed among 30 general dentists and then they were asked to use them clinically for 7 days and then the packages were collected for the microbial tests. The collected cones were placed in tubes containing thioglycolate medium and incubated at 37℃ for 21 days. Bacterial growth was detected by presence of turbidity and comparison with the control groups. A sample was collected from the tubes showing turbidity and plated in blood agar and also underwent Gram-staining, followed by colony counting. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and paired sample t-test (alpha=0.05). Results: None of the 60 samples from initial sampling of packages showed contamination. However, in secondary sampling after clinical use, 8.3% of GP samples were positive for contamination. There was a statistically significant difference in contamination of packages before and after clinical use (P= 0.02). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that GP cones can become infected after opening the package and in the process of clinical use.},  
Keywords = {Root Canal Therapy, Disinfection, Gutta-Percha, Sterilization},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {41-47}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.1.41},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-324-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-324-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sedigh-shams, M and Ebrahimi, R and Asheghi, B and Eskandari, F},  
title = {Comparative Evaluation of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Two Single-file Rotary Instruments in Simulated Stainless Steel Curved Canals}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Despite the advantages and conveniences that NiTi files offer, their main drawback is their catastrophic fracture due to cyclic and torsional fatigue leading to instrument separation. This study aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of two single file engine-driven instruments, HyFlex EDM and NeoNiTi A1, in simulated curved canals. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, NiTi endodontic instruments with a similar tip size of 0.25 mm were investigated in two groups of 20: HyFlex EDM (group A) and Neoniti A1 (group B). Evaluation of cyclic fatigue was conducted in a stainless steel artificial canal with a 60° angle and 5-mm radius curvature. HyFlex EDM and Neoniti A1 instruments were operated based on the instruction for use provided by the manufacturers. All instruments were rotated (at 400 rpm) until fracture, and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) and the length of the fractured tip were documented. Means and standard deviations of NCF and fragment length were determined for each system and compared using the Mann-Whitney test (P<0.05). Results: A statistically significant difference was detected when comparing the NCF, and time until fracture of HyFlex EDM and Neoniti A1 instruments (P=0.001). HyFlex EDM instruments showed significantly greater mean NCF in comparison with Neoniti A1 instruments (2984.75 ± 576.14 vs. 839.55 ± 305.5 NCF). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean length of the fractured fragments between the instruments (P=0.683). Conclusion: HyFlex EDM instruments showed significantly greater cyclic fatigue resistance compared with Neoniti A1 instruments.},  
Keywords = {Fatigue, Root Canal Therapy, Stainless Steel},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {48-54}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.1.48},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-327-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-327-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Valizadeh, S and Hafezi, L and HasanzdehAzhiri, A},  
title = {Interradicular Space in the Anterior Mandible on CBCT Scans of an Iranian Population}, 
abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the bone thickness at the interradicular spaces in the anterior mandible on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients to find appropriate sites for mini-implant and miniscrew placement. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 161 CBCT scans of patients (98 females and 63 males) between 18 to 50 years old presenting to the School of Dentistry of Islamic Azad University in 2020. Cross-sectional images with 1 mm slice thickness were evaluated to measure the bone thickness at the interradicular areas at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 mm distance from the mandibular alveolar crest. The measurements made from the distal surface of right canine to the distal surface of left canine teeth were recorded. The CBCT scans had been taken by Rotograph Evo 3D CBCT scanner, and were analyzed by OnDemand3D software. Data were statistically analyzed by t-test. Results: Bone thickness at 11 sites in the anterior mandible was significantly higher in males (P<0.05). By an increase in depth in both males and females, the mean thickness of bone increased (P<0.05). The maximum mean bone thickness in males and females was at 18 mm depth between the central incisors. Conclusion: To find a correct site for mini-implant and miniscrew placement, it should be noted that bone thickness would be greater at deeper areas, and by moving from the premolar site towards the incisors.},  
Keywords = {Mandible, Bone Screws, Cone-Beam Computed 
Tomography},
volume = {7},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {55-61}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.2.55},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghorbani, F and Pourhaghani, SH and Heshmat, H and Jalalian, SH and Kharazifard, MJ},  
title = {Effect of Pomegranate Peel and Green Tea Extract as Antioxidants on Shear Bond Strength of a 
Microhybrid Composite to Bleached Enamel}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study evaluated the effect of pomegranate peel and green tea extracts on shear bond strength (SBS) of a microhybrid composite to bleached enamel. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 44 maxillary premolars were divided into 4 groups of control A (composite cylinders bonded to teeth without bleaching), group B (composite bonding immediately after bleaching), group C (5 g of green tea extract was dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water, applied for 10 minutes, and rinsed for 30 seconds, followed by bleaching and composite bonding) and group D (5 g of pomegranate peel extract was dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water; the rest was similar to group C). In groups B, C and D, 35% hydrogen peroxide was applied on the teeth for 20 minutes and rinsed. This process was repeated two more times. The teeth were etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and rinsed for 15 seconds. A microhybrid composite was applied in Tygon tubes, bonded to the teeth with single Bond, and light-cured. Mode of failure was also determined. SBS was measured by a universal testing machine and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the mean SBS of the groups (P<0.001). The mean SBS of group B (not treated with antioxidant after bleaching) was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Application of 5% pomegranate peel and green tea extracts increase the SBS of composite to bleached enamel.},  
Keywords = {Shear strength, Antioxidants, Dental Enamel, Tooth bleaching},
volume = {7},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {62-69}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.2.62},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-351-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-351-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rezvani, R and Navabi, N and KhaleghiDehghan, E and Salar, Z},  
title = {Maternal Periodontal Disease as a Potential Risk Factor for Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Periodontal disease may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW) or preterm birth (PTB). In the present study, mothers with one of these two delivery complications were analyzed regarding presence/absence of periodontal disease as a possible risk factor in comparison with related medical risk factors.   Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the sample included 50 women admitted to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman. All mothers had a history of PTB or LBW in their recent delivery. Medical risk factors including intra­-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), premature rupture of the amniotic membrane (PROM) and vaginal bleeding in addition to periodontal parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI) and attachment loss were recorded. Descriptive indices, Spearman’s coefficient, logistic regression model, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for data analysis. Results: All patients had various forms of periodontal involvement; 86% had periodontitis. The frequency of periodontitis was significantly higher than medical risk factors (P=0.024). The area under the curve (AUC) demonstrated higher discriminating power for maternal periodontal parameters in comparison with medical risk factors. Conclusion: Maternal periodontal disease appears to be an independent risk factor for PTB and LBW.},  
Keywords = {Infant, Low Birth Weight, Periodontal Diseases, Pregnancy, Premature Birth},
volume = {7},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {70-76}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.2.70},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-354-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-354-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rabiei, M and TayefehDavalloo, R and Shenavarmasooleh, I and Samimi, M and Samami, M},  
title = {Salivary Calcium Level in Patients with Sjogren\'s Syndrome}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study assessed the salivary calcium level, salivary flow rate, and dental problems of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 30 patients with Sjogren’s syndrome and 30 healthy controls. The salivary flow rate, salivary calcium level, and the decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) index were recorded. The total salivary concentration of calcium was assessed by atomic absorption spectrometry using Arsenazo III calcium-sensitive dye. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the parametric independent t-test, and the Mann Whitney U test were used to compare the variables between the two groups. The Pearson’s and the Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between quantitative variables. Results: The salivary calcium level was insignificantly higher in the case group (4.44±0.78 mg/dL versus 4.22±0.51 mg/dL, P=0.189, independent t-test). The salivary flow rate in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome was significantly lower than that in controls (0.12±0.07 mL/minute versus 0.4±0.14 mL/minute, P<0.0001, Mann Whitney U test). The cut-off point for discrimination of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome was 0.165 mL/minute with 96% sensitivity and 90% specificity. The DMFS score was higher in the case group (78.08 versus 38.35, P<0.0001 based on independent t-test). The salivary flow rate was responsible for 34% of the changes in DMFS score while the calcium level was responsible for 0.2% of the changes.   Conclusion: The salivary calcium level cannot serve as an indicator for the Sjogren’s syndrome while 0.165 mL/min salivary flow rate is the cutoff point for accurate case detection.},  
Keywords = {Sjogren’s syndrome, Dental Caries, Calcium, Saliva},
volume = {7},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {77-85}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.2.77},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-355-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-355-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zamanzadeh, M and Rayani, A and Moosazadeh, M and Mazidi, E},  
title = {Frequency of Dental Complaints Filed in the Medical Council Organization of Three Selected Cities of Mazandaran Province}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The frequency of patient complaints, and subsequent lawsuits filed by patients against dentists has been on the rise in the recent years. Given the importance of being aware of these issues and preventing them, the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of dental complaints filed in the Medical Council Organization of three cities of Mazandaran Province (Sari, Babol and Amol) from 2011 to 2019. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Complaints against dentists filed in the Medical Council Organization of three cities of Mazandaran Province (Sari, Babol and Amol) from 2011 to 2019 were retrieved and reviewed. The gender of plaintiffs and defendants, subject of the claim, defendants’ field of expertise, and final verdict were assessed. Data analysis was done using SPSS 19 by the Chi-square test, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: A total of 120 complaints were retrieved from 2011 to 2019; the highest frequency of complaints was related to 2019 (19.2%). Most complaints were related to Babol city (45%), and the frequency of lawsuits against male dentists was higher than female dentists (P<0.001). The highest frequency of complaints was related to root canal treatment (31.6%), prosthetic treatments (28.3%), and surgical procedures (25.8%). Conclusion: The highest frequency of complaints was related to Babol city and from dental offices. Also, most complaints were filed against general dentists.},  
Keywords = {Dentistry, Jurisprudence, Malpractice, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {86-90}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.2.86},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Moshari, AA and Esnaashari, E and Eskandarion, S and Safari, B},  
title = {Comparison of Cytotoxicity of AH Plus and DC Canal SE Sealer After Final Setting}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity of AH Plus and DC Canal SE sealer after final setting. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 µg/mL streptomycin, and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells at a density of 5000 cells/well were seeded in a 96-well plate for the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The cells were incubated with AH Plus and DC Canal SE sealers. Specimens of freshly mixed sealers were fabricated with 4 mm height and 10 mm diameter, and  incubated at 37°C for 24 hours for setting. Each specimen was incubated with 10 mL of diluted culture medium at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 24 hours. Finally, the solution was filtered using a 0.22-µm filter. Different dilutions (1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8) were prepared, and cell viability was assessed at 24 and 72 hours by measuring the optical density of the solutions spectrophotometrically. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: Cell viability in presence of all concentrations of AH Plus and DC Canal SE was significantly lower at 72 hours compared with 24 hours (P<0.001). Cell viability in presence of AH Plus was significantly higher compared with DC Canal SE at all concentrations and time points. Conclusion: Cell viability was higher in presence of AH Plus compared with DC Canal SE sealer in all concentrations and time points.},  
Keywords = {Endodontics, Root Canal Obturation, Root Canal Filling Materials},
volume = {7},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {91-97}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.2.91},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-315-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-315-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Daneste, H and Ghadimi, N and Mardani, M and Maleki, SH and Anbardar, MH and Sharifzadeh, S},  
title = {Successful Management of Rhinocerebral 
Mucormycosis in a Child with Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Recent Blindness: A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Mucormycosis is an aggressive and life-threating fungal infection that affects patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) or compromised immune system. The most common symptom of rhinocerebral mucormycosis is sinusitis, and if the infection spreads beyond the sinus, more severe symptoms such as blindness, seizure, and death may occur. Case Presentation: We describe a case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis successfully treated in an 11-year-old boy with uncontrolled DM and neglected sinusitis with sudden blindness. Conclusion:  Patients with poorly controlled or insulin-dependent DM who experience periods of ketoacidosis are more likely to develop mucormycosis. Therefore, correct diagnosis and timely referral of patients greatly affect the prognosis of the disease and the treatment process.},  
Keywords = {Blindness, Diabetes Mellitus, Mucormycosis, Sinusitis},
volume = {7},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {98-103}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.2.98},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-370-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-370-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Argani, P and Aghayan, SH and Alaie, F and Hashemi, S},  
title = {High Intensity Lasers in Periodontics: A Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Lasers can serve as a new powerful tool in dentistry. High intensity laser therapy is becoming the treatment of choice compared with conventional periodontal therapy due to accurate incision and soft and hard tissue ablation, hemostasis, reduction of postoperative pain and infection, optimal debridement, and enhanced healing. Although high intensity laser therapy assumes to provide better results compared with conventional treatments, a significant variation exists in the applied laser parameters such as different wavelengths and energy densities of laser. The objective of this study was to collect preliminary information about the type and parameters of surgical lasers and how to use them technically based on the available literature on this topic. Materials and Methods: After initial screening of 152 potentially relevant articles identified through an electronic search, 44 articles were selected based on the eligibility criteria by three independent reviewers. The inclusion criteria included studies on the outcomes of periodontal high intensity laser therapy in humans published in English between 2013 and 2021 in journals indexed in PubMed Central, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Springer or Google Scholar. Results: The results showed that diode, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Er;Cr:YAG and CO2 lasers had the highest efficacy for frenectomy, gingivectomy,  and osteotomy with specific wavelength, power density, frequency, and pulse mode. Various lasers have been suggested for the abovementioned purposes, and the method of choice depends on the efficacy and availability of laser. Conclusion: This study confirmed higher efficacy of different laser types compared with conventional treatments.},  
Keywords = {Labial Frenum, Surgery, Gingivectomy, Osteotomy, Laser Therapy},
volume = {7},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {104-118}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.2.104},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Esnaashari, E and Mirzaei, SH and Moshari, AA and Razavi, P},  
title = {Onset of action and duration of efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block versus single lingual subperi-osteal injection of 4% articaine in mandibular 
second molars: A randomized clinical trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Achieving adequate pulpal anesthesia could be challenging in mandibular molars. There are some disagreements about the success rate of local infiltration anesthesia with articaine as primary injection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of 4% articaine lingual subperiosteal injection as the primary injection for permanent mandibular second molars in comparison with inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB).   Materials and Methods: Fifteen healthy adult volunteers participated in this study. A randomized, split-mouth, single-blind design was used to allocate each side of the mandible in each patient to the test or control group. On the test side, lingual subperiosteal injection with 4% articaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine was performed for the mandibular second molar; whereas, in the control group, an IANB with 2% lidocaine and 1:80,000 epinephrine was administered. Electric pulp testing was done at baseline, and also at 5, 8, 11, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes after injection. Statistical analysis was carried out using t-test and Chi-square test. Results: The success rate of IANB was significantly higher than that of lingual subperiosteal injection (P=0.0001). The difference in the onset of action between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). Anesthesia duration was 61.0±28.0 minutes in IANB group and 10.2±12.4 minutes in lingual subperiosteal injection group, with a significant difference between them (P<0.01). Conclusion: IANB with 2% lidocaine is preferable to 4% articaine lingual subperiosteal injection due to its superior success rate, faster onset of action, and longer duration of effect.},  
Keywords = {Anesthesia, Dental, Anesthesia, Local, Mandibular Nerve},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {119-124}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.3.119},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-366-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-366-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Heshmat, H and hoorizadganjkar, M and Sanaei, N and Tabatabaei, SF and Kharazifard, MJ},  
title = {A Comparative Study of the Solubility and Sorption Properties of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer and a Bioactive Liner}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to compare the sorption and solubility properties of ACTIVA BioACTIVE liner and resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI).   Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, a total of 30 samples were fabricated from each liner measuring 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness according to ISO 2009:4049. They were then divided into 6 subgroups (n=5) to assess their water solubility after 1 week and 8 weeks, water sorption after 1 week and 8 weeks, and acid solubility after 1 week and 8 weeks. The samples were then weighed, and placed in vials containing artificial saliva or lactic acid and incubated at 37°C for 1 week or 8 weeks according to specimen grouping. Afterwards, each specimen was weighed again. Sorption and solubility were calculated according to difference in weight of the samples. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA(alpha=0.05). Results: RMGI showed greater water solubility and sorption compared with ACTIVA BioACTIVE liner after 1 week of storage (P=0.00). No significant difference was found in water solubility (P=0.64) and sorption (P=0.15) after 8 weeks of storage. There was no significant difference in acid solubility of RMGI and ACTIVA BioACTIVE liner after 1 week (P=0.30) or 8 weeks of storage (P=0.60) Conclusion: Water sorption and solubility of RMGI were greater than those of ACTIVA BioACTIVE within the first week after setting but they were similar in long-term assessment. RMGI and ACTIVA BioACTIVE were not different in terms of acid resistance.},  
Keywords = {Adsorption, Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents, 
Solubility},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {125-132}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.3.125},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-373-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-373-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Baharvand, M and Hakemi-Vala, M and Mehdipour, M and Dehghani, L and Jalali, E and Anbari, F},  
title = {Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Peganum Harmala Extract Against Candida Species}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: There are some rich sources of antifungals in medicinal herbs. They have general acceptance due to their low cost and insignificant side effects. The efficacy of Peganum harmala (P. harmala) extract against Candida species was investigated in this study.    Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, we used the maceration technique to obtain P. harmala aqueous and alcoholic extracts, and assess their antifungal activity against different species of Candida albicans (C. albicans), Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) and Candida krusei (C. krusei). We used the microdilution method to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The tests were repeated in triplicate for higher accuracy. Results: The aqueous and alcoholic P. harmala extracts showed antifungal activity against C. albicans in 100 mg/mL concentration. The antifungal efficacy of P. harmala alcoholic extract against C. glabrata (MIC: 100 mg/mL) was higher than the aqueous extract (MIC:200 mg/mL). The antifungal efficacy of P. harmala alcoholic extract against C. krusei (MIC: 1.56 mg/mL) was higher than the aqueous extract (MIC: 12.5 mg/mL). Conclusion: The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of P. harmala were effective against all species of Candida particularly Candida krusei. The alcoholic extract of P. harmala was more effective than its aqueous extract against C. glabrata and C. krusei.},  
Keywords = {Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Peganum},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {133-141}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.3.133},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-348-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-348-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Amooyan, P and Akhavan, H and Esnaashari, E},  
title = {Efficacy of XP-Endo Finisher R in Removing Root Filling Remnants in Root Canal Retreatment}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Complete removal of gutta-percha from the root canal system and its remnants is a challenge in endodontic retreatment. This ex-vivo study aimed to assess the efficacy of XP-Endo Finisher R (XEFR) in removing root filling remnants from straight canals of mandibular premolars in root canal retreatment.   Materials and Methods: In this ex-vivo study, 30 single-rooted mandibular premolars with straight roots were selected. The root canals were instrumented and filled. Retreatment was then performed using D RaCe system. Teeth were then randomized into two groups of A and B (n=15). In group A, root canal retreatment was completed with XEFR. In group B, XEFR was not used. To evaluate the filling material remnants, the roots were split into halves and assessed under a stereomicroscope and photographed. The amount of remaining gutta-percha in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the roots was measured by AUTOCAD software and analyzed with two-way ANOVA. Results: The amount of residual filling material was significantly lower in the coronal, middle and apical thirds and the entire root length in XEFR group (P<0.001). Conclusion:  Use of XEFR significantly decreased the residual root filling material in the root canals.},  
Keywords = {Gutta-Percha, Root Canal Filling Material, Root Canal Therapy},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {142-147}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.3.142},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Veljanovski, D and Stefanovikj, B and Bogdanovski, Ma and Stojkova, M and Krstevski, D},  
title = {Effect of a Bone Replacement Material on Vertical Bone Level Alterations around Immediately Placed Mandibular Molar Implants}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Immediate implant placement is a predictable therapeutic option to replace the missing teeth. However, it is technique-sensitive, and requires strict case selection criteria. Tooth extraction triggers the biologic phenomenon of bone resorption, which is not prevented with immediate implant placement. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) use on vertical bone loss around immediately placed mandibular molar implants.   Materials and Methods: In this non-randomized clinical study, 14 patients with immediate molar implants in the lower jaw, restored with screw-retained single crowns were evaluated. The case group (with bone material use) received DBBM in conjunction with implant placement, while no grafting was performed in the control group. The vertical bone level changes were radiographically measured at the mesial and distal implant sides as the distance between the implant shoulder and first implant-bone contact in apical direction. Measurements were made at two time points of six months postoperatively and one year post-functional loading. The acquired data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Results: The mean values for vertical bone loss at the mesial and distal reference points were greater in the control group (without bone replacement material use) than in the case group both six months postoperatively and one year post-functional loading. The difference was statistically significant at both time points (P<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that the use of DBBM in immediate implants can reduce vertical bone loss.  },  
Keywords = {Bone Substitutes, Therapeutic Use, Dental 
Implantation, Bone Resorption},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {148-154}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.3.148},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-379-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-379-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sarkarat, F and Tootoonchian, AR and Mirpour, SH and MoogahiNezhad, M and HaeriAraghi, SH and Rakhshan, V},  
title = {Oral Symptoms and Factors Associated with COVID-19: A Case-Control Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a serious pandemic situation. Assessment of associated factors contributing to its severity is of clinical significance. This study assessed the factors associated with COVID-19 and its severity.    Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, we assessed self-reports of 93 COVID-19 patients and 50 healthy controls regarding demographics, smoking habit, sinusitis, rhinoplasty or tonsillectomy history, xerostomia, dysosmia, dysgeusia, taste disturbances (metallic taste and foul taste), and bleeding or inflammation in the oral cavity. Further admission to ICU or death were recorded later. We also assessed the patients’ laboratory tests including WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, C reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at the time of admission. Diagnosis of patients was based on clinical assessments, Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chest computed tomography (CT) scan results. Healthy controls had no flu like signs and symptoms in the past 1 month prior to the study. Associations between the abovementioned factors and disease, and disease severity were analyzed by the Chi-square test, independent-sample t-test, one-sample t-test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (α=0.05). Results: Variables with statistically significant associations with COVID-19 included smoking (P=0.004), xerostomia (P=0.000), dysgeusia (P=0.000), dysosmia (P=0.000), and taste disturbances (P=0.000). CRP (P=0.000), ESR (P=0.000), and neutrophil percentage (P=0.000) were also elevated in patients. Eosinophil (P=0.000) and basophil percentages (P=0.016) were lower than normal range in patients. Age was associated with death (P=0.010) and ICU admission (P=0.009). Conclusion: Xerostomia, dysgeusia, dysosmia, and taste disturbances can be early markers of COVID-19. Older ages are prone to more severe forms of disease.},  
Keywords = {COVID-19, Dysgeusia, Olfaction Disorders, SARS-CoV-2, Taste Disorders, Xerostomia},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {155-161}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.3.155},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {lavaee, F and Vahdatifar, B and Afroozi, B and Tavakoli, F},  
title = {Epidemiologic Study of Patients with Chronic Vesiculobullous Lesions}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Vesiculobullous diseases (VBDs) are characterized by the formation of vesicles or bullae. The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiological survey on patients with chronic VBDs referred to Shiraz Dental School during 2006-2016.    Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, epidemiological data (age, sex, prevalence, involvement location, prescribed medication, and underlying diseases) of patients diagnosed with VBDs were collected. The relationship between the epidemiological factors and the occurrence of VBDs was analyzed. SPSS version 18 was used to analyze the data by the Chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation test. Results: Totally, 120 patients were evaluated; out of which, 88.3% had pemphigus vulgaris (PV), 4.2% had bullous pemphigoid (BP), 6.8% had mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), and 0.1% had pemphigus herpetiformis (PH). Most patients were females (68.3%) and 31.7% were males. The mean age of patients was 43.14±11.41 years. The mucosal and cutaneous involvement in PV patients was as follows: 31.13% had mucosal, 0.94% had cutaneous, 37.73% had both mucosal and cutaneous, and 30.18% had mucosal-cutaneous involvement associated with involvement of other organs. Prednisolone was the first-line treatment in all patients. There was a significant correlation between age and incidence of VBDs in patients (P=0.030). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the epidemiological properties of VBDs in our study were similar to those in other countries. However, PV was the most common VBD followed by BP.},  
Keywords = {Pemphigoid, Bullous, Pemphigus, Mucous Membrane},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {162-167}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.3.162},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-357-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-357-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bakhtiary, P and Aref, P},  
title = {Zirconia Crowns with Porcelain Veneers for Optimal Esthetics in Children Using CAD/CAM Technology: 
A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are the gold standard for restoration of severely damaged primary teeth. However, the unesthetic appearance of SSCs is responsible for their lower acceptance by clinicians and patients. Zirconia crowns are another option for reconstruction of severely damaged teeth, which also provide optimal esthetics.   Case Presentation: Our patient was a 5-year-old child with a carious primary mandibular first molar. A prefabricated zirconia crown was considered for the tooth because the parents disapproved the color of SSC. The computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology was used to fabricate a zirconia crown with porcelain veneering since the size of prefabricated crowns did not match the size of the respective tooth. Conclusion: At the 1-year follow-up, the crown fabricated with this technique showed optimal esthetics, function, and durability. Although these crowns have shortcomings such as the risk of porcelain chipping, and require greater tooth preparation than SSCs, they can serve as a suitable alternative for reconstruction of severely damaged primary teeth when esthetics is an important parameter to consider.},  
Keywords = {CAD-CAM,Deciduous teeth,zirconia-based ceramic},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {168-174}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.3.168},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-358-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-358-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Helli, S and Shafiee, E and MogharrabAlile, K},  
title = {Role of Droplets and Aerosols in Transmission of
COVID-19 in Dental Practice: A Literature Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: This study sought to review the role of aerosols and droplets in transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in dental practice .   Materials and Methods: Published papers concerning the transmission routes of COVID-19 in dental environment were retrieved from the search engines, websites of related health organizations, and electronic databases. Out of primarily retrieved 120 articles, 40 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Many Studies reported that the main transmission routes of COVID-19 were direct contact, droplets and aerosols. Because of the adjacency to the patient's oral cavity and use of aerosol-generating headpieces, dental practitioners are at high risk of COVID-19. Adherence to clinical protocols and guidelines in the working environment was highly emphasized in all studies to minimize the risk of infection and prevent cross-contamination in dental office setting. Conclusion: Dental healthcare providers should be well aware of the most recent guidelines and protocols to prevent COVID-19 transmission and constantly update their knowledge in this regard.},  
Keywords = {Aerosols, COVID-19, Infection Control},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {175-180}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.3.175},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-340-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-340-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hassani, S and Hashemimoghaddam, F and Akbariforoud, S and Aghayan, SH},  
title = {Techniques and Materials for Treatment of Bone
Loss Due to Periodontitis: A Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are the gold standard for restoration of severely damaged primary teeth. However, the unesthetic appearance of SSCs is responsible for their lower acceptance by clinicians and patients. Zirconia crowns areanother option for reconstruction of severely damaged teeth, which also provide optimal esthetics.   Case Presentation: Our patient was a 5-year-old child with acarious primary mandibular first molar. A prefabricated zirconia crown was considered for the tooth because the parents disapproved the color of SSC. The computer-aided design/computer-aidedmanufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology was used to fabricate azirconia crown with porcelain veneering since the size ofprefabricated crowns did not match the size of the respective tooth. Conclusion: At the 1-year follow-up, the crown fabricated with this technique showed optimal esthetics, function, and durability. Although these crowns have shortcomings such as the risk ofporcelain chipping, and require greater tooth preparation than SSCs, they can serve as a suitable alternative for reconstruction of severely damaged primary teeth when esthetics is an important parameter to consider.},  
Keywords = {Alveolar bone Loss, Furcation defects, Periodontitis,
Regeneration},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {181-193}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.3.181},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-326-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-326-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rafiei, M and MoradiAskari, E and Sadeghi, M and Mollahasanikahdouyi, M and Zeini, N},  
title = {Materials, Methods, and Equipment used by General Dentists of Southeastern Iran for Endodontic Treat-ment}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the materials, methods, and equipment used by general dentists in southeastern Iran for endodontic treatments in 2021.   Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 121 standard questionnaires were distributed among general dentists in Rafsanjan city, Iran. The questionnaire included demographics and questions regarding the type of materials, methods, and equipment selected by general dentists. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using the Chi-square test and ANOVA. Results: The response rate of the participants was 83%(n=100); of which, 55% were females and 45% were males. Only 28% of dentists performed pulp vitality tests, and 46% performed sinus tract tracing in case of infection. Cotton rolls were used by 71% for further isolation, apex locator and radiography were used concurrently to determine the working length by 62%, and canal preparation was done by rotary and manual files by 48%. Rotary M3 and ProTaper files were more commonly used by dentists. Electric rotary handpieces were used for canal instrumentation by 64%, and rotary orifice shapers were more commonly used for canal flaring (61%). The most commonly used obturation method was lateral compaction. Most general dentists used formocresol-impregnated cotton pellets for pulpotomy (43%). Half of the dentists used saline for canal irrigation. Calcium hydroxide was the most commonly used intracanal medicament (87%), and 53% used polymerized sealers. Conclusion: General dentists evaluated in this study violated some of the standards and need to take more training courses.  },  
Keywords = {Dental Materials, Dentists, Equipment, Supplies, Root Canal Ther-apy, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {194-201}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.4.194},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-396-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-396-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Taghian, M and Sadri, L and Soleimani, B and Moosazadeh, M and Dehestani, A and Tabarestani, A},  
title = {Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of 2 to 5-Year-Old Children in Iran}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and dental caries are among the prevalent oral health issues in preschool children that can lead to psychosocial and physical complications. Therefore, it is crucial to assess their effects on children’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to assess the effect of oral health status on OHRQoL of 2- to 5-year-old children in Sari, Iran.    Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 540 randomly selected children between 2 to 5 years. Their decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) indices was determined by oral clinical examination. The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was completed by the parents. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis by the Chi-square test, independent t-test, and ANOVA. Results: The ECOHIS mean scores in the Family Impact Section (FIS) and Child Impact Section (CIS) were 1.8±3.0 and 2.7±4.2, respectively. The mean DMFT score of children was 3.2±3.07, with 47% having a DMFT of 0. The frequency of TDI was 11.5%. The DMFT index and ECOHIS were significantly correlated (r=0.571, P<0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between ECOHIS and TDI, indicating lower quality of life (QoL) in patients with a history of TDI (P<0.001). Conclusion: Children’s oral health considerably affects their own and their parents’ QoL. Its effect on children’s QoL is greater than its impact on the QoL of the parents.},  
Keywords = {DMFT Index, Child, Preschool, Oral Health, Quality of Life},
volume = {7},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {202-209}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.4.202},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-389-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-389-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Imanimoghaddam, M and Bagherpour, A and Madani, A and Foroozandeh, M and HafezMaleki, F and Alimohammadi, M and Moeini, SH},  
title = {Correlation of Bone Mineral Density and Fractal Analysis of the Mandibular Condyle in Women with Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) appears to be more common in osteoporotic patients. Fractal analysis is a mathematical method that can be used to assess trabecular bone. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) and fractal dimension (FD) of the condyles in women with TMJOA using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).   Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the FD and lacunarity of the condylar head were assessed on CBCT images of 39 women (20 healthy women with no signs/symptoms of TMJOA, and 19 TMJOA patients). The BMD and the T-score of the hip and lumbar vertebrae were determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: TMJOA patients and healthy controls did not differ significantly in terms of the mean age (P=0.63), BMD and T-score (P>0.05), or FD and lacunarity (P>0.05). A significant correlation was observed, however, between lacunarity in the two condyles (r=0.47, P=0.003) and BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and the hip (r=0.40, P=0.01).     Conclusion: The mean BMD of total spine and hip did not differ significantly in the two groups of healthy controls and TMJOA patients. The FD and lacunarity also       showed no significant difference between the groups. FD based on CBCT images of the TMJ is not a reliable indicator for categorization of skeletal status.  },  
Keywords = {Osteoarthritis, Fractals, Cone-Beam Computed 
Tomography, Bone Density},
volume = {7},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {210-218}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.4.210},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mesgarani, A and Hoshyari, N and Mousazadeh, M and Kabbazzadeh, A},  
title = {Ex Vivo Comparison of File Fracture and File 
Deformation in Canals with Moderate Curvature: Neolix Rotary System versus Manual K-files}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Cleaning and shaping is one of the important steps in endodontic treatment, which has an important role in root canal treatment outcome. This study evaluated the rate of file fracture and file deformation in Neolix rotary system and K-files in shaping of the mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars with moderate curvature.    Materials and Methods: In this ex vivo experimental study, the mesiobuccal root curvature of maxillary first molars was measured by the Schneider’s method, and canal preparation was performed in 2 groups of 30 with Neolix rotary system and manual K-files. To determine the fracture rate of files, a file was used until it broke or deformed, and the number of canals cleaned by that file was recorded. The data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test.   Results: File fracture rate in the rotary group was slightly higher than that in the manual K-file group but, the frequency of file deformation in manual K-files was slightly more than that in the rotary group. There was no statistically significant relationship between file type and frequency of file fracture or deformation (P>0.05).   Conclusion: Manual stainless steel K files and Neolix NiTi rotary files were the same in terms of file fracture and file deformation in preparation of canals with              moderate curvature.},  
Keywords = {Endodontics, Root Canal Preparation, Equipment 
Design},
volume = {7},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {219-225}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.4.219},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salimzade, S and SadatMansouri, S and Etemadi, A},  
title = {Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Application on the Maxillary Sinus Schneiderian Membrane Thickness Following Sinus Floor Augmentation: A Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Considering the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in enhancement of healing by releasing growth factors, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of PRF application as a protective barrier right beneath the sinus membrane on the Schneiderian membrane thickness following sinus floor augmentation.   Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled split-mouth clinical trial was conducted on 18 patients (36 sinuses) who required bilateral sinus floor augmentation. Two patients (n=4 sinuses) were excluded due to chronic sinusitis, and one patient due to perioperative sinus membrane perforation. Fifteen patients (n=30 sinuses) were finally assessed. In the test side, PRF membrane was placed beneath the Schneiderian membrane while augmentation was performed without a PRF membrane in the control side. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken preoperatively, and at 1 week and 2 months postoperatively, and the Schneiderian membrane thickness was compared at the two sides using ANOVA and a post-hoc test. Results: The mean membrane thickness was 1.85±0.85 mm in the control and 2.17±0.87 mm in the test group before the intervention (P=0.6). At 1 week, the mean thickness was 2.45±1.22 in the control and 3.77±1.42 mm in the case group (P=0.2). At 2 months, the mean thickness was 2.54±1.66 mm in the control and 1.71±1.31 mm in the test group (P=0.2). ANOVA showed no significant difference between the two groups at any time point (P>0.05). Conclusion: Application of PRF under the Schneiderian membrane in sinus floor augmentation had no significant effect on the Schneiderian membrane thickness.},  
Keywords = {Sinus Floor Augmentation, Maxillary Sinus, Bone 
Regeneration,  Platelet-Rich Fibrin},
volume = {7},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {226-232}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.4.226},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Arivazhagan, V and LakshmiRathan, AC and Chandran, S and Narayanan, V and Ramakrishnan, K},  
title = {Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dental Interns and Postgraduates towards Managing Medical Emergencies in Dental Chair}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Medical emergencies can happen habitually in dental setting. It is ultimately a dentist's responsibility to foresee the situation and manage it effectively. The aim was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental interns and postgraduates regarding managing medical emergencies in dental chair.   Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months from June 2021 to November 2021 on postgraduates and dental interns studying in dental colleges in and around the Chennai city. A pre-validated questionnaire consisting of 20 close-ended questions was circulated through Google forms. It consisted of questions on experience of medical emergencies encountered by interns during their graduation, knowledge about the essential drugs and equipment, amount of medical emergency training undertaken by participants, and preparedness of interns in handling of medical emergencies. Extracted data were statistically analysed by the Chi square test. Results: Of 217 participants, only 50.63% of interns and 49.37% of postgraduates had good knowledge about drugs used in medical emergencies; 71.65% of interns and 28.35% of postgraduates had come across medical emergencies and were confident enough in handling them during their practice. Also, 64.79% of interns and 35.21% of postgraduates were well informed about treating patients with airway obstruction, haemophilia, diabetes, epilepsy, spontaneous bleeding after extraction, acute asthmatic attack, and adrenal crisis. Conclusion: The majority of postgraduates had a good knowledge about management of medical emergencies in dental chair while the interns lacked confidence in handling some of the medical emergencies.  },  
Keywords = {Attitude of Health Personnel, Cardiopulmonary 
Resuscitation, Emergency Medical Services, Practice Management, Dental},
volume = {7},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {233-240}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.4.233},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-451-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-451-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khalili, M and Farazmehr, K and Shafaeefard, SH and Irani, F},  
title = {Effect of Paracetamol and Magnesium Sulfate on Level of Pain and Opioid Intake following 
Orthognathic Surgery: A Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Considering the side effects of high doses of opioids taken postoperatively for pain control, paracetamol and magnesium sulfate may be able to aid in pain control. This study assessed the effects of paracetamol and magnesium sulfate on the level of pain and opioid intake following orthognathic surgery.    Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, patients scheduled for bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were randomly assigned to two groups of 25. Group 1 patients received 1 g infusion of intravenous acetaminophen (paracetamol) administered within 20 minutes while group 2 patients received 50 mg/kg magnesium sulfate infusion one hour prior to completion of surgery. The patients were asked to express their level of pain prior to discharge from the recovery, and every 4 hours for 12 hours using a visual analog scale (VAS). Patients with pain score > 5 at any time received 30 mg pethidine. The total received dosage of pethidine postoperatively was recorded and those that received pethidine were not included in pain score analysis. Data were analyzed by generalized estimating equation (GEE), and Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, and t-tests. Results: The pain score was not significantly different between the two groups at the time of recovery and 4 and 8 hours (P>0.05). The magnesium sulfate group had significantly lower pain score at 12 hours (P=0.009). The difference in pethidine dosage was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both magnesium sulfate and paracetamol decreased postoperative pain and the need for opioid consumption, but magnesium sulfate was slightly more effective.},  
Keywords = {Acetaminophen, Magnesium Sulfate, Analgesics, 
Opioid, Orthognathic Surgery, Pain},
volume = {7},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {241-248}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.4.241},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-372-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-372-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghods, K and Alaee, A and Jafari, A and Rahimi, A},  
title = {Common Etiologies of Generalized Tooth Mobility: A Review of Literature}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Tooth mobility, which is prevalent among patients seeking dental healthcare services, happens when the tooth is reversibly displaced horizontally or vertically beyond its normal physiological limits. Tooth mobility is classified into 2 subgroups: localized and generalized. Generalized tooth mobility occurs when more than 2 teeth are mobile. In this review, the available studies regarding the common etiologies of generalized tooth mobility are discussed.   Materials and Methods: In this review article, data were collected by reviewing the available articles published between 2011 to 2021 in national and international journals by searching the PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Embase databases using the key words “Tooth Mobility”, “Tooth Movement” “Periodontal Disease”, “Systemic Disease”, and “Malignant Disease”. Among the relevant articles, 51 were chosen. Results: It seems that numerous etiologies, which can be either physiological or pathological, can result in generalized tooth mobility. Conclusion: Since an optimal treatment outcome depends on accurate diagnosis, it is crucial for the dentists to be aware of the common etiologies of this condition.},  
Keywords = {Periodontal Diseases, Tooth Mobility, Literature Review},
volume = {7},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {249-259}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.4.249},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-337-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-337-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Reddy, L and Boringi, M and Alluri, K and Sujatha, M},  
title = {Palatal Rugae in Gender Discrimination: Auxiliary or Hindrance? A Systematic Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Uniqueness of rugae can be utilized similar to finger prints when compared with other methods in identification of a person, even with the presence of discrepancies in the patterns obtained in different populations. Nonetheless, it still cannot be used as a potential tool in gender discrimination. This study explored the debatable way of the use of palatal rugae for gender discrimination.   Materials and Methods: Key words including “palatal rugae” and “sex determination” were used for searching of the following databases: PubMed Central, EMBASE, EBSCOhost and Cochrane from the earliest available date to January 2019. Out of 296 articles, 257 were excluded after abstract analysis. Only 8 articles were finally included. Results: A total of 1,152 subjects participated in this study, among them, 577 were females and 575 were males. Significant differences were observed in the number, length, and shape of the rugae patterns in both genders from one study to another. Conclusion: In this analysis, we observed that females and males showed varied patterns of rugae on the palate, but males predominantly showed a particular pattern compared with females. Palatal rugae cannot be used as the only tool for gender discrimination.},  
Keywords = {Palate, Forensic Dentistry, Sexism, Female, Male},
volume = {7},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {260-266}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.4.260},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kadhi, H and Winnier, J},  
title = {Sandwich Technique in Primary Teeth: A Review}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The sandwich technique is a restorative method where the lost dentin is replaced with glass ionomer (GI) cement and the lost enamel is replaced with composite resin. Various modifications of this technique have been introduced in order to increase the longevity of this restoration. Hence, the aim of this review article was to assess the use of sandwich technique in primary teeth.    Materials and Methods: After an initial screening of potentially relevant articles through electronic search of journals indexed in PubMed Central, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Springer and Google Scholar, articles on sandwich restorations in primary teeth were included. Results: Literature suggests that the sandwich technique is successfully practiced in carious lesions in permanent teeth; however, very few studies are done on primary teeth. Conclusion: With the advent of newer resin cements and bonding agents, the sandwich technique is much simplified. However not enough clinical studies are available in the literature on the sandwich technique and its modifications in primary teeth. More studies need to be conducted in primary teeth using this restorative technique.},  
Keywords = {Composite Resins, Glass Ionomer, Deciduous Tooth},
volume = {7},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {267-272}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.52547/jrdms.7.4.267},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-441-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-441-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2022}  
}