@article{ author = {Alaee, A and Azizi, A and valaei, N and Taheri, S and Ravanshadi, F and Hajipour, M and Fattahi, M}, title = {In-Vitro Effect of Natural Honey on the Growth of Streptococcus sanguinis}, abstract ={Background and Aim:  Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) is one of the effective bacteria in the formation of caries and periodontal diseases which are caused by dental plaque. Currently, the use of natural honey (NH) is considered as a method of reducing S. sanguinis and S. mutans in saliva, which results in reducing the dental plaque. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of NH on the growth of S. sanguinis and to compare its effects with that of Ciprofloxacin and Penicillin antibiotics in vitro.   Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the effect of NH against S. sanguinis was investigated according to the growth inhibition zone in the disk diffusion method by measuring the inhibition zone around the disks which were dipped in the case and control groups. The agar well diffusion method was used as well. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In case of the presence of a significant difference, post-hoc Scheffe test was used as a supplementary test. Results: In the disk diffusion method, the average inhibition zone was 21 mm for Ciprofloxacin, 10.35 mm for Penicillin, and 17.77 mm for NH (P<0.001). In the agar well diffusion method, the average inhibition zone was 17.68 mm for Ciprofloxacin, 15.83 mm for NH, and 8.06 mm for Penicillin (P<0.01).   Conclusion: It seems that NH is effective against S. sanguinis in vitro. Nevertheless, its inhibition zone in the agar well diffusion and the disk diffusion methods is smaller than that formed by Ciprofloxacin and larger than that formed by Penicillin.  }, Keywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents, Honey, Streptococcus sanguinis}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.1.1}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Birang, E and Yaghini, J and Birang, R and Zohary, M}, title = {Effect of Virtual Reality During Periodontal Treatment of Patients with Anxiety}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Various methods have been used to reduce the patient's anxiety during dental treatment. In recent years, there has been an increase in behavioral research regarding virtual reality (VR) and virtual world as it offers more immersive images and works by blocking out real-world stimuli (visual, auditory or both). This study aimed at assessing the impact of VR on working conditions and pain during scaling and root planing (SRP) in anxious patients. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 14 eligible patients were randomly divided into two groups. Participants of one of the groups were wearing eyeglasses during SRP of the first quadrant, while in the other group, SRP was performed without any intervention. The intervention group was reversed for SRP of the second quadrant. The patients’ anxiety (dental anxiety scale-revised, DAS-R), pain score (visual analog scale, VAS), blood pressure (BP), and pulse rate (PR) were recorded before and after SRP. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney-U test. Results: There was a significant difference in the patients’ PR and stress during SRP between the test and control groups (P<0.001). Moreover, the patients’ anxiety was significantly reduced by using eyeglasses during SRP. Conclusion: Video eyeglasses are a useful tool for improving the quality of dental care by enhancing the patients’ satisfaction and reducing the patients’ pain and anxiety.}, Keywords = {Visual Analog Scale, Dental Anxiety, Virtual Reality}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.1.9}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Roghanizad, N and Omatali, N and Moshari, AA and Sadaghiani, M and Kalantari, M}, title = {Association of Periapical Status of Endodontically Treated Teeth with Restoration and Root Canal Filling Quality}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The main goal of root canal treatment is to prevent or treat apical periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the coronal restoration status, root canal filling quality, periapical health condition, and related factors in endodontically treated teeth at the Dental Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2011-12. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, historical cohort study, a total of 160 teeth submitted to endodontic treatment were clinically and radiographically reexamined one year (minimum) postoperatively. Each volunteer answered a questionnaire on demographic and socioeconomic factors. They were also questioned about the factors related to endodontic and restorative treatments. The restoration and root canal filling quality was classified according to the modified criteria introduced by Tronstad et al. The periapical status was evaluated according to the periapical index (PAI) scores. Results: Periapical lesions (diseased/failure) were most prevalent in Inadequate Restoration/Inadequate Root Canal Filling group (70%) followed respectively by Inadequate Restoration/Adequate Root Canal Filling group (52.2%), Adequate Restoration/Inadequate Root Canal Filling group (30%), and Adequate Root Canal Filling/Adequate Restoration group (15.5%). Conclusion: According to the results, an efficient appointment scheduling system has the greatest impact on the completion of coronal restoration after endodontic treatments. Provision of adequate root canal filling and perfect coronal restoration can reduce the prevalence of postoperative periapical lesions and increase the success rate of endodontic treatments.}, Keywords = {Root Canal Obturation, Periapical Diseases, Cohort Studies, Radiography}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {16-23}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.1.16}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Akhavan, H and Toursavadkouhi, S and Emami, N and labafghasemi, H and Anoosh, GH and Zareyi, A and Seyedsalehi, SS}, title = {Evaluation of General Dentists’ Attitude in Sanandaj Regarding Antibiotic Prescription in Root Canal Treatment and Related Factors}, abstract ={Background and Aim: One of the main concerns in dental society is the enormous prescription of antibiotics. Unnecessary prescription of antibiotics causes resistant bacterial species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitude of dentists toward antibiotic prescription in endodontic treatments and the role of related factors. The study was conducted in Sanandaj city, Kurdistan province, Iran, in 2017. Materials and Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study involved active dentists in Sanandaj city. Their attitude toward antibiotic prescription was evaluated using 20 questions (10 in favor of prescribing antibiotics and 10 against it) with the following options: “totally agree, agree, disagree, and totally disagree”. The role of related factors including age, sex, work experience, level of interest in endodontic treatments, and the number of endodontic cases, were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: The study was conducted on 145 dentists (72.5% males and 27.5% females) in Sanandaj city. The mean age of the participants was 39±11 years, and their mean work experience was 13±8 years. 7.5±0.9% of the dentists chose the “totally agree” option, and 92.5±1.1% of them chose the “agree” option regarding antibiotic prescription in endodontic treatments. Conclusion: It seems that the positive attitude towards antibiotic prescription in endodontic treatments was satisfactory among the studied dentists.}, Keywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents, Dentists, Bacteria, Dental Care, Societies}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {24-29}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.1.24}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shakeri, F and Azizi, H and Razian, F and Haghanifar, S and Hoshyari, N}, title = {Prevalence of Mid-Mesial Canal and Isthmuses in Mandibular First and Second Molars in an Iranian Population}, abstract ={Background and Aim: It is essential to know the internal root canal anatomy to reach a successful root canal debridement and a subsequent successful root canal obturation. Due to the importance of knowing the complexity of mid-mesial (MM) canals and isthmuses and how to deal with these anatomic variations, in this study, we examined the incidence and prevalence of the MM canal and isthmuses in mandibular first and second molars. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) records of patients presenting for diagnostic purposes to a radiology center in the city of Sari were used. A total of 207 mandibular first molars (81 males and 126 females) and 235 mandibular second molars (94 males and 140 females) were examined. Data were entered into SPSS 16 software. Descriptive data were presented using frequency percentage with the significance level of less than 0.05. Results: Among the mandibular first molars that were examined in the study population, the prevalence of the MM canal was reported to be 2.5% in males and 4% in females. Similarly, the prevalence of the MM canal in the mandibular second molars was reported to be 2.1% in males and 3.6% in females. Also, the prevalence of isthmuses was 81.2% (males) and 78.9% (females) in the first molars and 78.7% (males) and 70.7% (females) in the second molars. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is important for dentists to be familiar with the root canal anatomy and to consider the referral of complex cases to endodontists.}, Keywords = {Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Anatomic Variation, Root Canal, Mandible, Molar}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {30-35}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.1.30}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Jalalian, E and Hashemi, E and NaserMostufi, SH and Banifatemeh, AR and Shariati, M and Pirmoazen, A and Alizadeh, S}, title = {Effect of Abutment Connection Type and Cyclic Loading on Removal Torque Value}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Maintaining the primary torque of the abutment screw is a common problem related to implant-supported restorations; a failure in this respect often leads to screw loosening. The abutment screw plays a critical role in the long-term stability of restorations. This study aimed to assess the effect of two abutment connection types with and without cyclic loading on removal torque value (RTV). Materials and Methods: A total of 24 abutments and fixtures were evaluated in this in-vitro experimental study. Two abutments with internal and external connections were tightened to fixtures using a digital torque-meter according to the manufacturer's instructions. Half of the samples were subjected to cyclic loading with a 100-N mechanical load at a 1-Hz frequency (500,000 cycles) applied at 23±1°C with 50±5% humidity. Next, the RTV was measured for each abutment. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effect of the abutment system and cyclic loading on RTV.  Results: The highest RTV belonged to the internal connection abutment without cyclic loading (22 Newton-centimeter (Ncm)), while the lowest RTV was noted with the external connection abutment subjected to cyclic loading (14 Ncm; P<0.01). There was no statistically significant interaction effect between the two variables (the abutment system and cyclic loading; P=0.839). The RTV in the internal hexagon abutments was significantly higher than that in the external hexagon abutment system (P<0.001). Cyclic loading significantly reduced the RTVs in both abutments (P<0.001).   Conclusion: According to the results, internal connection abutments experience less screw loosening.  }, Keywords = {Dental Implant-Abutment Design, Dental Implant Loading, Torque, Mechanical Stress}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {36-40}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.1.36}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Moeiny, P and Shabani, S and Vatankhah, M and bakhshi, A and Zameni, M}, title = {Report of a Case of Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in Anterior Maxillary Region}, abstract ={Background: Gingival overgrowth is a common clinical finding that most often represents reactive hyperplasia as a result of inflammatory gingival disease related to dental plaque. Irritation fibroma (IF), pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) are non-neoplastic enlargements of the gingiva that are categorized as reactive hyperplastic lesions. Most of these lesions have a similar clinical appearance, i.e., a sessile or pedunculated nodule at the interdental papilla; the color varies from pale pink to red. All reactive gingival lesions show some variations in terms of gender, type, location, duration, and histologic features. Case Presentation: Here, we present a case of PGCG in a 10-year-old male with its clinical presentations as well as radiological and histological features along with the management procedure. Conclusion: Choice of treatment for our case was surgical excision, fluoride therapy, and oral hygiene maintenance. The patient remained tumor-free for 18 months and is still on regular follow-up.}, Keywords = {Giant Cell Lesion, Multinucleated Giant Cells, Osteoclast, Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma, Maxilla}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-45}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.1.41}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Nasoohi, N and Hadian, M and hoorizad, M and Hashemi, SS and Nazirisaeed, SH}, title = {In-Vitro Effect of Alcohol and Non-Alcohol Mouthwash on Color Change of Two Types of Bleach Shade Composite}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of alcohol and non-alcohol mouthwashes on the color change of two types of bleach shade composite. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two samples of IPS empress direct composite (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and 22 samples of Vitalescence snow white composite (Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA) were prepared in 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The specimens were polished with Sof-Lex (3M ESPE, USA) abrasive papers in supra fine, fine, and medium sizes. The specimens were then stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C, and an initial colorimetric assay was performed using SP64 spectrophotometer. Samples were randomly divided to be placed in 20 ml of alcohol and non-alcohol Listerine mouthwashes and were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The color of the specimens was again measured, and color change (ΔE) was calculated. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level. Results: None of the mouthwashes caused clinically significant discoloration in the samples. The effect of both mouthwashes on composite discoloration was statistically significant (P=0.0001), and the interaction between the mouthwash and type of restorative material was significant (P=0.0001). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, alcohol mouthwashes cause more discoloration in composite resins.}, Keywords = {Color, Resin Composite, Mouthwash}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.2.1}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-242-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-242-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shbahangfar, MR and Jafari, E and Tarashohi, A and Olyaee, P and Bitaraf, T}, title = {Effect of UV-Photofunctionalization on Bioactivity of Titanium to Promote Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The present study introduces photofunctionalization as a technique for tackling biological aging and increasing the bioactivity of titanium. This in-vitro study evaluated the effects of ultraviolet (UVC) light treatment of titanium surfaces with different time-related changes on the behavior and function of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Materials and Methods: MSCs were cultured on nine untreated titanium surfaces (four-week-old surfaces; group 1), nine fresh UVC-treated surfaces (immediately after UV treatment; group 2), and nine three-day-old UVC-treated surfaces (group 3). Cellular proliferation and attachment were measured by MTT. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was assessed by total protein extraction, and the enzyme activity was evaluated using a special ALP kit. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey’s test were used to examine the effect of UVC on titanium surfaces. Results: The mean attachment of MSCs to titanium disks in groups 1 to 3 was 0.118±0.003, 0.103±0.007, and 0.155±0.009, respectively. The mean proliferation of MSCs in groups 1 to 3 was 0.229±0.004, 0.189±0.023, and 0.298±0.020, respectively. The proliferation and attachment in group 3 were significantly higher compared to other groups (P<0.05). Speeds of MSCs growth in groups 1 to 3 were 94%, 81%, and 92%, respectively. The ALP activity of MSCs in groups 1 to 3 was 0.153±0.003, 0.187±0.003, and 0.161±0.003, respectively. The ALP activity in group 2 was significantly higher compared to other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: UVC pretreatment of titanium surfaces increases the ALP activity. However, cellular attachment and proliferation were not increased in the present study due to the high probability of laboratory error.}, Keywords = {Ultraviolet Rays, Cell Adhesion, Cell Proliferation, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Photochemistry, Titanium, Radiation Effects}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {7-11}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.2.7}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Jalalian, E and Banifatemeh, AR and Zarbakhsh, A and Eskandaridamaneh, A and Hashemi, E and Shariaty, M}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Two Different Abutment Diameters on Detorque Value Using Cyclic Loading and Thermocycling}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Screw loosening is a common problem with both screw-retained and cemented implant restorations. It is assumed that the abutment diameter affects detorque value and screw loosening. We aimed to determine the effect of two different abutment diameters on detorque value using cyclic loading and thermocycling. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted on sixteen Morse-taper implants (4×10 mm) with two different diameters (3.9 and 5.2 mm) installed with a 25-Ncm torque (n=8). Eight screws from each group (3.9- and 5.2-mm abutments) were maintained for a month in a stable state while the rest of the screws underwent cyclic loading for 10,000 cycles with the frequency of 1 Hz and force of 75 N/cm. Then, thermocycling was done at 5-55°C. Detorque value was determined using the torque meter used for screw tightening. Removal torque values were recorded. Maximum deformation force and fracture resistance were documented. Data were analyzed according to Student's t-test using SPSS 21.0 software. Results: Detorque values were 18.25±1.91 and 21.13±1.46 Ncm with 3.9- and 5.2-mm abutments, respectively. Detorque loss value was 15.50±5.83% with 5.2-mm abutment and 27±7.63% with 3.9-mm abutment. The mean difference between the two abutment diameters was 2.87±0.85 Ncm. Significant differences were observed on torque loss with 3.9-mm- compared to 5.2-mm-diameter abutments (P=0.004). Conclusion: The results suggested that torque loss was lower with 5.2-mm abutment diameter.}, Keywords = {Dental Abutments, Diameter, Torque, Dental Implant loading, Fatigue}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-18}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.2.12}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Hoshyari, N and Allahgholipour, Z and Ahanjan, M and Moosazadeh, M and zamanzadeh, M}, title = {Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination in Clinical Environment of Sari Dental School in 2018}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Bacterial contamination of clinical surfaces of dental units that have been touched or been exposed to patients’ blood or saliva can be a reservoir for infections, leading to cross-contamination. This study aimed to evaluate bacterial contamination in the clinical environment of Sari Dental School in 2018. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study, samples were randomly collected from 15 active dental units of five departments of Sari Dental School, including surgical, pediatrics, prosthodontics, endodontics, and restorative dentistry departments. Samples were collected from headrests, light handles, and dental seats using moist sterile swabs, and air samples were collected using agar plates. Sampling was carried out before and after dental practice. The samples were transferred to the microbiology laboratory to determine the number of various microorganism colonies. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, McNemar, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. P-values lower than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: A significant difference was found between the frequency of contamination before and after clinical practice based on McNemar test results. Staphylococci were more prevalent on the surfaces. Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no significant difference in the total number of microorganisms between different departments after dental practice. Bacterial contamination of air was greater than other parts, followed by dental seats. Conclusion: Microbial contamination of dental units considerably increases after treatment of each patient. Therefore, disinfection of dental unit surfaces and seats between each patient is essential. Also, methods of infection control must be supervised to prevent cross-infection.}, Keywords = {Equipment Contamination, Dental Infection Control, Disinfection, Microorganism}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-25}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.2.19}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {NematiAnaraki, S and Kazemi, H and GHafari, Z and Naser, Z and Bitaraf, T}, title = {In-Vitro Comparative Study of the Effect of Four Finishing and Polishing Tools on Surface Roughness of a Microhybrid Resin Composite}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The complications of unwanted surface roughness of composite restorations are highly common due to the increasing use of this restorative material. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the effect of four finishing and polishing (F&P) tools on surface roughness of microhybrid resin composites. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 42 samples of CLEARFIL™ AP-X ​​microhybrid composite, which were divided into four groups of different F&P methods and one control group as follows: control (n=2), Flexi-D discs (n=10), Flexi-D + diamond polishing paste (n=10), Intensive twisted rubber polisher (n=10), and Rubber Polisher Teco (n=10). The samples were examined by profilometry. Surface roughness (Ra) of each specimen was measured at three points, and the mean value was considered as surface roughness. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc statistical tests. Results: The surface roughness of composite discs in an ascending order was as follows: control (0.048±0.014 µm), Flexi-D disc (0.179±0.132 µm), Intensive twisted rubber polisher (0.233±0.105 µm), Flexi-D disc with diamond polishing paste (0.232±0.141 µm), and Rubber Polisher Teco (0.251±0.087 µm; P=0.001). The difference between the two groups of Flexi-D disc with diamond polishing paste and Rubber Polisher Teco was not statistically significant (P=0.742). The level of surface roughness in Flexi-D samples was significantly lower than that of the other samples (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the Flexi-D disc is the best F&P tool for microhybrid resin composites.}, Keywords = {Dental Polishing / Instrumentation, Composite Resin, Surface Properties, Materials Testing}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {26-31}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.2.26}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Dadresanfar, B and Vatanpour, M and Farahmand, M and Taheri, S and MahaseniAghdam, HR}, title = {Ex Vivo Comparative Study of the Effect of Different Concentrations of Green Tea Extract and Two Common Irrigants on Root Canals Infected with Enterococcus faecalis}, abstract ={Background and Aim: One of the main goals of endodontic treatments is to disinfect the root canal and dentin tubules. This study compared the antimicrobial effect of different concentrations of green tea extract with that of two common irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in the root canal system. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study on 124 single canal teeth, suspensions derived from the 24-hour culture of E. faecalis were inoculated into the canals, and the samples were incubated for two weeks. Then, the teeth were divided into six experimental groups (n=20) and two control groups (n=2). In the first group, 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), in the second group, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), in the third group, 3.125% green tea extract, in the fourth group, 12.5% green tea extract, in the fifth group, 25% green tea extract, and in the sixth group, normal saline was used for root canal irrigation. The next day, the extracted liquid from vortexed dentin fragments was cultured, and the colony-forming units (CFU) were counted 48 hours later. Data were analyzed using Mann-U-Whitney test. Results: The CFU count for NaOCl and CHX showed a statistically significant difference compared to different groups of green tea extract (P<0.001). The percentage of microorganism reduction was 100% with NaOCl, 98.9% with CHX, 58.35% with 3.125% green tea, 8.1% with 12.5% green tea, 94.8% with 25% green tea, and 57.5% with normal saline. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that green tea extract can be used in endodontic treatment as the final root canal irrigant considering its naturalness and its antimicrobial ability.}, Keywords = {Root Canal Irrigants, green tea extract polyphenon E, Enterococcus faecalis, Sodium Hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {32-36}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.2.32}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-186-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-186-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Rashidian, A and Zahraei, SH and Hashemi, SS}, title = {Developmental Disturbance of Dentin with Probable Diagnosis of Dentin Dysplasia Type 1d: A rare case report}, abstract ={Background: Dentin dysplasia (DD) is a rare disturbance of dentin formation, characterized by normal enamel but atypical dentin formation with abnormal pulpal morphology. In DD type I, the teeth appear clinically normal in morphologic appearance and color. Radiographic analysis shows obliteration of all pulp chambers as well as short, blunted, and malformed or absent roots with multiple periapical radiolucencies involving apparently intact teeth. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 15-year-old girl with a developmental disturbance of dentin similar to DD type 1. Radiographic examination revealed multiple affected teeth with unique findings in accordance with DD 1d subtype. This article highlights the clinical and radiographic findings of this condition along with the differential diagnosis and management. Conclusion: Management of patients with DD is difficult and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Early diagnosis of the condition is important for the initiation of effective preventive treatment.}, Keywords = {Tooth Abnormalities, Dentin Dysplasia, Rootless Teeth}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {37-42}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.2.37}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Etemadi, A and Bitaraf, T and Amini, A and Goudarzi, M and Nadafpour, N}, title = {Bacterial Accumulation on Triclosan-Coated and Silk Sutures After Dental Implant Surgery}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The risk of surgical site infection may depend on bacterial attachment and physical and chemical properties of suture materials. This study aimed to evaluate bacterial accumulation on triclosan-coated (Vicryl Plus) and silk sutures placed at different distances from Vicryl Plus after dental implant surgery. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 20 patients who required dental implants were included. Their surgical sites were large enough to include at least four sutures. The surgical site was sutured first with Vicryl Plus and then with three silk sutures placed at 3, 6, and 9 mm distances from Vicryl Plus. Sutures were removed 7 days after surgery, and the samples were placed in microbiological cultures specific to Enterococci and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Subsequently, the numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs) and bacterial growth rates were evaluated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in the number of CFUs and growth rates of microorganisms isolated from triclosan-coated and silk sutures 7 days postoperatively (P>0.05). Conclusion: Triclosan-coated sutures have no benefits over silk sutures placed at different distances from Vicryl Plus.}, Keywords = {Sutures, Surgical Wound Infection, Bacterial Adhesion, Polyglactin 910/pharmacology, Triclosan/pharmacology, Dental Implant}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-4}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.3.1}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-248-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-248-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {MalekiGorji, M and Golestaneh, A}, title = {Histological Evaluation of the Effect of Sildenafil and Pentoxifylline on Mandibular Fracture Healing in Rats}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Despite the advances in maxillofacial surgery, impaired bone healing remains a concern for surgical teams. Effects of sildenafil and pentoxifylline on healing of bone fractures have not been well investigated. This study aimed to assess the effects of sildenafil and pentoxifylline phosphodiesterase inhibitors on healing of mandibular fractures in rats. Materials and Methods: In this animal study, 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=8). Mandibular fracture was induced in all rats. After the surgical procedure, C2 group (control, 2 weeks) received saline, S2 group (sildenafil, 2 weeks) received 10 mg/kg sildenafil, and P2 group (pentoxifylline, 2 weeks) received 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline. The rats were sacrificed after 2 weeks. C6 (control, 6 weeks), S6 (sildenafil, 6 weeks), and P6 (pentoxifylline, 6 weeks) groups received pharmaceutical therapy as in C2, S2, and P2 but were sacrificed after 6 weeks. The samples then underwent histological analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: The mean rate of healing of mandibular fractures in S2 and P2 was significantly higher than that in C2 after 2 weeks (P<0.001). The mean rate of healing of fractures in P2 was higher than that in S2 after 2 weeks (P=0.04). The mean rate of healing of fractures in S6 (P=0.001) and P6 (P=0.004) was significantly higher than that in C6 after 6 weeks but no significant difference was noted between P6 and S6 in this respect (P=0.53). Conclusion: Sildenafil and pentoxifylline can be used as adjuncts to enhance bone healing.  }, Keywords = {Bone Healing, Mandibular Fracture, Pentoxifylline, Sildenafil}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {5-14}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.3.5}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-259-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-259-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {EmamiArjomand, M and Eghlim, MH and Jalalian, SH and Mirzakhani, M and Mahavi, A}, title = {Effects of Aging on Compressive Strength of Two Resin-Reinforced Glass Ionomers: An In-Vitro Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Although the physical properties of modern glass ionomers have been extensively reported, few studies have examined how these parameters change with age. This experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of aging on the compressive strength of resin-reinforced glass ionomers. Material and Methods: Two glass ionomers (Fuji IX GP Fast, GC, Japan, and Ketac Universal, 3M, USA) and one composite resin (control; Filtek P60, 3M, USA) were chosen for this study. Both glass ionomers were encapsulated and mixed using an amalgamator and were applied using an appropriate applicator. Forty cylindrical (4×6 mm2) samples were made of each material and subsequently incubated at 37°C with 95±5% humidity. Twenty samples from each material were then randomly selected to undergo aging in a thermocycling machine using 1000 cycles (between 5-55°C). The compressive strength of the samples was then measured using a universal testing machine. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tuckey’s test were used for data analysis. Results: The aging process (thermocycling) caused a significant increase in the compressive strength of all three materials. Overall, Ketac Universal displayed higher compressive strength with an average value of 271.1120±15.4387 MPa and 248.6910±15.10716 MPa with and without aging, respectively, compared to Fuji IX GP and Filtek P60.     Conclusion: The aging process increases the compressive strength of glass ionomers and composites; however, even with aging, modern glass ionomers still struggle to achieve compressive strength values close to those feasible with composite resin. It is therefore essential to use these materials in non-stress-bearing areas.}, Keywords = {Aging, Compressive Strength, Glass Ionomer}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {15-20}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.3.15}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-252-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-252-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Salimzadeh, S and SHeykhNezhad, H and Zohri, Z and Salimzadeh, P}, title = {Comparison of the Frequency of Temporomandibular Disorders Between β-Thalassemia Major Patients and High School and Guidance School Students}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Patients affected by thalassemia major show great skeletal changes in the head and neck area in addition to malocclusion. It seems that examination of malocclusion in these patients and evaluation of the frequency of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can help identify people with a high risk of illness in the society. The current study aimed to compare the frequency of TMD between β-thalassemia major patients and high school and guidance school students. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 51 patients affected by thalassemia major (23 girls and 28 boys) and 78 normal (43 girls and 35 boys) guidance and high school students between 12 and 18 years old were evaluated. The presence of TMD and malocclusion and their relationship were determined. After examination and completion of the related questionnaire, data were analyzed by chi-square test and t-test using SPSS software. Results: According to the data, there was no significant difference in spacing, occlusion, crowding, open bite, headache, bruxism, crepitation, clicking, TMD, subluxation, locking, cleaning, deviation, deep bite, and crossbite between the control and thalassemia students (P>0.05). However, significant differences were observed regarding overjet and pain (P<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that TMD and occlusion type have no significant correlation with thalassemia.}, Keywords = {Thalassemia, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Malocclusion}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {21-29}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.3.21}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mahdisiar, F and NematiAnaraki, S and Bineshian, M and Tabatabaei, F}, title = {Evaluation of the Prevalence of Dentin Hypersensitivity and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the most common problems in dentistry. Several factors affect DH. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of this problem and identify the associated factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 patients who referred to the operative dentistry department of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, were examined. Demographic information and other related factors were recorded using a questionnaire. One examiner then examined the subjects regarding the potential related clinical factors. DH was evaluated using evaporative and tactile tests and was categorized using the visual analog scale (VAS). Descriptive data were presented as frequency and mean. Chi-Square test was used to examine the related factors at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of DH was 21%. The correlation of horizontal brushing technique (P<0.005), hard toothbrushes (P<0.0001), gingival recession (P<0.0001), history of gingival surgery (P<0.001), tooth wear (P<0.001), traumatic occlusion (P<0.005), and bleaching toothpastes (P<0.005) with DH prevalence was significant. Conclusion: According to the results, high awareness about DH and its associated factors is mandatory.}, Keywords = {Dentin Hypersensitivity, Epidemiology, Etiology, Prevalence}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {30-35}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.3.30}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-260-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-260-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Nasermostofy, SH and Jalalian, E and Valaie, N and Mohtashamrad, Z and Haeri, A and Bitaraf, T}, title = {Study of the Effect of GapSeal on Microgap and Microleakage in Internal Hex Connection After Cyclic Loading}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Formation of microgaps between the fixture and abutment surfaces is still one of the major problems that may lead to mechanical and biological failure and inflammation around the implant. In this study, the effect of GapSeal on the prevention of liquid leakage and microgap in internal hex connection was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, sixteen internal hex implants (BioHorizons) were used in two groups. All implant-abutment assemblies were mounted in acrylic molds. GapSeal was inserted into the implants in the case group. All specimens were given a torque of 30 Ncm. Then, 1,200,000 cycles with a 100-N force and frequency of 1 Hz were applied to all samples. The samples were immersed in a methylene blue solution for microleakage evaluation. Microgap was randomly measured at six areas using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using t-test. Results: The size of microgap was 3.04±0.54 µm in the control group and 0.99±0.39 µm in the case group, which was three times larger in the control group; the t-test showed that this difference was significant (P<0.000). In the control group, all samples (100%) showed leakage in the internal hex connection while in the case group, none of the samples (0%) showed leakage; Fischer's exact test showed that the difference was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that GapSeal reduces microgap and microleakage in the case group compared to the control group.}, Keywords = {Dental Implant-Abutment Design, Dental Leakage/Microbiology, Siloxanes, Dental Implants, Dental Leakage/Prevention and Control}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {36-42}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.3.36}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-249-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-249-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mahdavi, N and Rahrotaban, S and Sedaghati, A}, title = {Squamous Odontogenic Tumor-Like Proliferation in Odontogenic Cysts: Report of Two Cases}, abstract ={Background: Squamous odontogenic tumor-like proliferation (SOT-LP) is a rare benign lesion in the jaws with the same histological pattern to SOT but with different clinical and radiographic features. It originates from the epithelial cell rests of Malassez. The histological findings could be seen in the wall of some odontogenic cysts. Knowledge about the features of this lesion can help us in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Case Presentation: Here, we present two cases of SOT-LP in the wall of a radicular cyst and a residual cyst. Conclusion: SOT-LP shares several histologic characteristics with benign and malignant central jaw tumors. Making a definitive diagnosis is crucial to avoid incorrect treatment.}, Keywords = {Odontogenic Cysts, Radicular Cyst, Squamous Odontogenic Tumors, Cell Proliferation}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {43-46}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.3.43}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-238-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-238-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Moghaddas, O and Sarkarat, F and Zarbakhsh, A and Hoseini, MM and Bitaraf, T}, title = {Effect of Ardox-X Active Oxygen-Containing Toothpaste on Periodontal Parameters in Dentate and Implant-Wearing Patients}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms can contribute to reducing the incidence and epidemiology of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of Ardox-X active oxygen-containing toothpaste on periodontal indices in patients with at least 1 to 2 implants. Materials and Methods: In this crossover randomized clinical trial, 30 subjects were randomly divided into two groups (n=15). Oral hygiene instructions were delivered to all subjects before the study. Scaling and root planing (SRP) were performed for all subjects. The subjects were instructed to brush with Oral-B toothpaste and toothbrush twice daily for at least two minutes. All subjects returned 10 days later, and the plaque index (PI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were measured. The first group received Ardox-X, and the second group received Oral-B toothpaste. Both groups presented after 7 days, and GBI and PI ​​were measured. SRP was performed again, and the plaque was zeroed. Both groups spent the wash-out period for 10 days. Next, the indices were measured again. The Ardox-X group received Oral-B toothpaste and vice versa. After 7 days, both groups returned, and the indices were measured again. T-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: No significant difference was observed in the PI changes between the control (0.88±0.22%) and case (0.83±0.22%) groups (P<0.6). The changes in the GBI were significantly different between the control (3.9±3.4%) and case (1.5±2%) groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Ardox-X toothpaste performs better than the control group (Oral-B) in terms of the GBI.}, Keywords = {Active Oxygen, Toothpastes, Dental Implants, Periodontal Indices, Gingival Bleeding on Probing, Dental Plaque Index}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.4.1}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-253-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-253-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Khalilak, Z and Sattarian, I and TourSavadkouhi, S}, title = {Ex-Vivo Comparison of the Dentin Removal Ability of One Shape and F6 SkyTaper Rotary Files}, abstract ={Background and Aim: One of the important characteristics of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary files is their dentin removal ability. The purpose of this study was to compare One Shape and F6 SkyTaper files in terms of dentin removal from the mesiobuccal canals of extracted first mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 mesiobuccal canals of extracted first mandibular molars were selected. After preparing an access cavity, the samples were divided into two groups (n=12). The samples were air-dried and incubated for 8 hours at 82°C for moisture removal. The initial weight of the specimens was then measured. The samples in group A were prepared using One Shape (#25/0.06) files while the samples in group B were prepared using F6 SkyTaper (#25/0.06) files at a speed of 400 revolutions per minute (rpm) and torque of 2.2 N/cm for 10 seconds. The samples were again rinsed, dried, and incubated to eliminate moisture. The weights of the teeth were measured after preparation to compare the dentin removal efficacy. The results were analyzed using paired t-test (P<0.05). Results: The mean weight of the removed dentin was 0.053±0.019 g in the SkyTaper F6 group and 0.045±0.073 g in the One Shape group, which was 0.008 g or 15% less in the One Shape group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.6). Conclusion: The amount of the dentin removed from the root canals by the SkyTaper F6 rotary system was greater compared to the One Shape rotary system although the difference was not statistically significant.}, Keywords = {Dentin, Endodontics, Equipment Design, Root Canal Preparations, Nickel, Titanium}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {6-10}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.4.6}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-258-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-258-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mirmohamadsadeghi, H and Bayatian, A and Dashti, M and Ardeshirzadeh, M and Kazemifard, S and Sadeghi, A}, title = {Comparison of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons’ and Orthodontists’ Treatment Plans for Inclined Class III Patients}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The ability to predict the final result of the facial profile has a major rule in treatment planning since the main objective of most patients for orthognathic surgeries is to improve their overall aesthetics. On the other hand, treatment planning for borderline patients is more difficult and challenging. Sometimes, we have to consider all the aspects of the dentofacial profile and choose the best treatment plan. This study aimed to evaluate and compare different treatment plans proposed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists for inclined Class III patients. Materials and Methods: This review has been done by searching the English articles published between 1998 and 2019 in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: Clinical Protocols, Malocclusion, Angle Class III, Surgeons, and Orthodontists. Conclusion: The comparison of the treatment plans between orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons for inclined Class III patients showed no significant differences. The patients reached optimal function and aesthetics with both treatment plans.}, Keywords = {Clinical Protocols, Malocclusion, Angle Class III, Surgeons, Orthodontists}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {11-16}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.4.11}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-241-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-241-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Alirezaei, S and Godarzi, H and Moezighadim, N and Maheri, A}, title = {Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) Against Porphyromonas gingivalis: An In-Vitro Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Oral hygiene is important against the development of chronic periodontitis. There are concerns about bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The current study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of aqueous garlic extract (Allium sativum) against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Materials and Methods: Aqueous garlic extract was prepared, and the inhibitory effect of the extract was tested against P. gingivalis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against the control group (0.2% chlorhexidine) were also determined. Results: Significant differences were observed concerning the MIC (1.21±0.37 µl) and MBC (1.44±0.67 µl) against P. gingivalis between the aqueous garlic extract and control groups (0.29±0.1 µl; P<0.001). There was a significant difference in the inhibitory zone against P. gingivalis between the aqueous garlic extract group (20.1±1.4 mm) and the control group (27.3±1.8 mm); the inhibitory zone was larger in the control group (P<0.000). Conclusion: The results suggested that although chlorhexidine exhibited better antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis, the aqueous garlic extract also showed acceptable results. Further research using different extraction methods and concentrations is suggested.}, Keywords = {Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plant Extracts, Garlic, Porphyromonas gingivalis}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {17-22}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.4.17}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Neshandar, M and Baloch, F and Mousavisedighi, Ss and Bitaraf, T}, title = {Evaluation of the Effect of Two Types of Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resin Splints on Dimensional Accuracy in Open Tray Impression Technique}, abstract ={Background and Aim: One of the main goals in the fabrication of an implant-supported prosthesis is to build a superstructure with passive fitness. If this fails, it will lead to the failure of the implant components. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Duralay and Pattern Resin splinting materials on dimensional accuracy in the open tray impression technique. Materials and Methods: An edentulous acrylic model was developed. In the lateral teeth area, two implants (CMI, Neobiotech Co.) were placed perpendicularly and parallel to each other. The implants were cemented with cyanoacrylate. Pattern Resin (n=10) and Duralay (n=10) were used to splint the impression copings, and the impression was taken using the open tray technique. The main casts (20 pieces) were made with Vel-Mix type IV plaster using a vacuum mixer. The dimensional changes of each group were measured using a multi-axial coordinator. T-test was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean dimensional changes of implant position transfer at the x-axis were 5.04±0.37 μm for Duralay and 5.58±0.13 μm for Pattern Resin. The mean dimensional changes of implant position transfer at the y-axis were 7.01±0.49 µm for Duralay and 6.78±0.15 µm for Pattern Resin. The mean dimensional changes of implant position transfer at the z-axis were 7.62±0.71 µm for Duralay and 6.86±0.12 µm for Pattern Resin. T-test showed that the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, Duralay and Pattern Resin were not significantly different regarding dimensional changes in the open tray impression technique.}, Keywords = {Dental Implant, Dental Impression Technique, Splints, Acrylic Resins}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {23-27}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.4.23}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-250-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-250-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {RaesiEstabragh, A and Golestaneh, A and MalekiGorji, M and Kheiri, L}, title = {Effective Factors in Implant System Selection by Dentists in Kerman in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Since different implant systems are available, dentists are confronted with the question of which criteria are essential for a proficient implant system selection. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting implant system selection by dentists in Kerman.  Materials and Methods: A questionnaire inspecting the key factors in implant system selection was distributed among 120 dentists. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the data.  Results: Most dentists used two implant systems at the office (52.5%). For the majority of dentists (40.8%), the first factor in choosing an implant system was the implant support services. The price of each implant (25.8%) and the satisfaction of previous cases (23.3%) were the second and third factors, respectively. For most dentists (59.2%), the least important reason for choosing an implant system was the manufacturing country. Recommendation from colleagues (24.2%) was of minor importance in implant system selection. Sixty-one (50.8%) dentists had a history of abandoning an implant system because of failure (59.0%) and lack of support from the importer (27.9%). The quality of the implant was the major cause of system selection for 68.8% of dentists and 75% of specialists (P<0.05). Conclusion: The most important reason for choosing an implant system was post-sales services. The cost of each implant and the satisfaction of previous cases were other important factors. The least important factor was the system's manufacturer.}, Keywords = {Dentists, Dental Implants, Dental Implantation}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {28-42}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.4.28}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {shiran, hossein and ShafaeiFard, SH and Hakimi, S and AzariPourEsfahani, A}, title = {Use of Topical 5-Fluorouracil for Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumors of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome as a New Targeted Therapy: A Case Report and Review of Literature}, abstract ={Background: Keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOT) have a high rate of recurrence, which is higher in patients diagnosed with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS). Adjunctive therapies, such as fixative chemical solutions, decrease the rate of recurrence after enucleation and peripheral ostectomy but have high morbidity rates. Topical 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been suggested as a new therapy that provides a directed molecular approach to treatment. Case Presentation: This is a case report of GGS treated using topical 5-FU as an adjunctive material after enucleation and peripheral ostectomy. New bone formation sites were identified in the radiographic follow-up. The patient was followed up for 10 months regularly without any evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: 5-FlU is an effective and novel targeted treatment for KOTs. Topical application of 5-FU, following enucleation and peripheral ostectomy, effectively treats syndromic KOTs, resulting in normal bony healing with no adverse local or systemic effects.}, Keywords = {Odontogenic Tumors, Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome, Recurrence, 5-fluorouracil, salicylic acid drug combination [Supplementary Concept]}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {43-48}, publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch }, doi = {10.29252/jrdms.4.4.43}, url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences}, issn = {2588-4166}, eissn = {2383-2754}, year = {2019} }