@article{ 
author = {Farhadi, S and Ghorbanpour, M and Pourabed, F and Lotfi, A},  
title = {Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Oral Lichen Planus: A Comparative Study}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with an uncertain pathogenicity. Recent reports have revealed that angiogenesis is effective in the pathogenesis and biologic behavior of lesions. Considering the limitations of the studies related to angiogenesis in oral LP (OLP) and the controversial results, the present study aimed to compare the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in OLP and normal mucosa. Materials and methods: In this case-control study, 4-µm sections were prepared from selected OLP (erosive type) blocks and normal mucosa samples for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with VEGF marker. VEGF expression was quantitatively assessed via counting the positive-stained cells. The mean percentages of positive-stained cells in each sample were categorized in three groups: score 0 (the presence of 10% or lower), score 1 (the presence of 10% to 50%), and score 2 (the presence of more than 50% of stained cells). T-test and Mann-U-Whitney test were used for statistical analyses. Results: The mean percentage of VEGF expression was 39.8% in 35 OLP samples, and 20.5% in 20 normal mucosa samples. Twenty OLP samples (57%) had score 1, and 15 (43%) had score 2. Eighteen normal mucosa samples (90%) had score 1, and two (10%) had score 2. Also, score 0 was not reported in any of the samples. The percentages of VEGF expression in OLP and normal mucosa did not show any statistically significant differences (P=0.5). However, there was a significant difference between OLP and normal mucosa in VEGF expression score (P=0.012), and OLP samples had significantly higher scores. Conclusion: According to the results, VEGF expression in erosive OLP samples was significantly higher than that in normal mucosa.},  
Keywords = {Oral Lichen Planus, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Immunohistochemistry, Angiogenesis},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-5}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.1.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-192-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-192-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hekmatfar, S and Jafari, K and Mohammadpour, S},  
title = {An in-vitro Comparison of Calcium Uptake by Intact Enamel after Using two Types of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium
Phosphate Paste}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Dental caries is one of the most common childhood diseases worldwide. The implementation of strategies that facilitate the prevention of early dental caries and interrupt its progression has been recently advocated. It has been reported that casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) derived from casein reduces tooth demineralization and enhances the remineralization process. The aim of this in-vitro study was to assess the efficacy of two types of CPP-ACP paste in calcium uptake by enamel surfaces. Materials and methods: Forty premolars were longitudinally dissected into experimental and control halves, and were coated with nail varnish, except for an enamel window of 4×4 mm. The samples were subjected to cycling in a demineralizing solution and were divided into two groups of GC Tooth Mousse CPP-ACP paste and Misswake CPP-ACP paste. The calcium contents of each half were examined using the acid etch enamel biopsy technique and were measured by atomic absorption. The values were statistically analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The enamel surfaces treated with the pastes exhibited higher calcium contents compared to the controls. There was a significant difference between GC Tooth Mousse CPP-ACP paste and Misswake CPP-ACP paste in terms of calcium uptake; a higher calcium uptake was witnessed with GC Tooth Mousse CPP-ACP paste than with Misswake CPP-ACP paste (P<0.05). Conclusion: Misswake CPP-ACP paste presented some protective potentials; however, the samples treated with GC Tooth Mousse CPP-ACP paste were better able to uptake calcium. These pastes could be considered as effective means for the prevention of dental caries in susceptible patients.},  
Keywords = {Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, Tooth Demineralization, Calcium, Dental Enamel},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {6-11}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.1.6},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-191-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-191-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mirzaie, AR and HashemiShahzadeh, M and Barzegari, M and Azizi, A},  
title = {Comparison of Serum Folic Acid Level in Oral Lichen Planus Patients and Healthy Subjects}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease. Although the etiology of this disease is unknown, some factors including stress, antioxidant deficiency, and folic acid deficiency have been claimed to have a role in its incidence. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the serum folic acid level in OLP patients and healthy subjects. Materials and methods: in this case-control study, 52 OLP patients (36 females and 16 males) were selected as the case group, and 48 healthy individuals (36 females and 12 males) were assigned to the control group. The serum folic acid level was measured in the two groups. Data were analyzed using T-test with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: the mean and standard deviation (SD) of serum folic acid level was equal to 8.74±4.11 ng/ml in the case group and 9.12±3.5 ng/ml in the control group with no statistically significant difference (P=0.12). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the serum folic acid level in OLP patients did not have a significant difference with that in healthy subjects.},  
Keywords = {Oral Lichen Planus, Folic Acid, Antioxidants},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {12-15}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.1.12},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-200-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-200-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ShafayiFard, SH and PourTahmasbi, A and Mesgari, h and Sezavar, M and Esmaelian, S},  
title = {Assessment of Neurosensory Changes and their Correlation with the Distance between Dental Implants and the Inferior Alveolar Nerve after Implantation}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Neurosensory disorders after implant insertion are one of the main concerns in implant treatments. Neurosensory disorders can be driven by different factors including the contact of the implant with the nerve, pressure of edema, hematoma, scar, or dental injections. This study aimed at investigating the distance between the implant and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and its impact on neurosensory disorders. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, panoramic radiographs were taken from 100 patients experiencing neurosensory changes after 10 days of implantation. The patients were reassessed 4 weeks later, and the distance (mm) between the implants and the IAN was measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: All patients experienced neurosensory changes 10 days after implantation. Four weeks after surgery, 82 patients healed: the distance between the implants and the IAN was 1-2 mm in 16 patients and 2 mm in 66 patients. In 18 patients, neurosensory changes persisted; in this group, the distance between the implants and the IAN was less than 1 mm in 11 patients, 1-2 mm in 6 patients, and more than 2 mm in 1 patient. The results indicated that the chance of healing of neurosensory changes is significantly correlated with the distance between the implant and the IAN (P<0.01). This correlation was not significant with respect to age or gender (P<0.9). Conclusion: It seems that the lesser is the distance between the implant and the IAN, the lower is the chance of healing of neurosensory changes.},  
Keywords = {Dental Implant, Inferior Alveolar Nerve, Paresthesia, Nerve Injuries, Sensation Disorder},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {16-20}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.1.16},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-198-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-198-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sezavar, M and Bohluli, B and Chehelamiran, M and Danesh, S and Shahriar, A and Malekpour, Z},  
title = {Comparison of Implant Stability in Sinus Lift Surgery Using Autogenous Versus Allogeneic Bone Grafts}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: The most common method of increasing implant stability in the posterior maxilla comprises the reinforcement of bone height using bone grafts in sinus lift surgery. The purpose of the present study was to compare autogenous and allogeneic bone grafts in implant stability after open sinus lift surgery. Materials and methods: This split-mouth clinical trial compared the implant stability in 10 patients who needed bilateral open sinus lifts, including 8 men and 2 women. Each side of each patient's jaw was assigned to either case or control groups. Open sinus lift was performed on both sides of the jaw: autogenous bone graft was used on the side considered as the control, while allogeneic bone graft was used on the side assigned to the case group. After four months, the implant stability was evaluated and recorded in each group using the Periotest® system. Results: The mean value related to implant stability was -2.78±2.31 in the control group and -3.19±2.51 in the case group. The values below zero (negative values) indicate an acceptable stability. According to Mann-U-Whitney test, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05); however, the intragroup analysis using Wilcoxon test showed statistically significant results with regard to implant stability in each group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, autogenous and allogeneic bone grafts have similar effects on implant stability after open sinus lift surgery, and both bone grafts provide a suitable implant durability.  },  
Keywords = {Bone Transplantation, Bone Substitutes, Dental Implant, Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {21-26}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.1.21},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mostafavi, A and Koosha, S and Amjad, M},  
title = {Effect of Disinfection on the Surface Roughness of Dental Casts Retrieved from Addition Silicone Impressions}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Changes in the physical properties of casts retrieved from disinfected impressions are a common problem in the fabrication of dental prostheses. However, there are limited data available about the effect of disinfecting solutions on the surface roughness of casts. This study aimed to assess the surface roughness of casts retrieved from addition silicone impressions disinfected by immersion in three different disinfectants for 5 and 30 minutes. Materials and methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted on 49 casts in 7 groups (n=7). A standard stainless steel die was used according to ANSI/ADA specification no. 25, and impressions were made using a low-viscosity addition silicone impression material. The impressions were disinfected by immersion in 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2.4% glutaraldehyde, or 5% povidone-iodine for 5 and 30 minutes. All impressions were poured with type IV dental stone, and their surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a digital hand-held roughness tester. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Results: One-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between the control group and the other 6 groups (P=0.004). 1% NaOCl/5 minutes was the only group which presented a different result from the control group (P=0.012). Two-way ANOVA showed that over time, the surface roughness of casts retrieved from silicone impressions disinfected by immersion in a disinfectant decreased (P=0.002), but no significant difference was noted between the disinfectant agents (P=0.243).  Conclusion: The type of the disinfectant had no significant effect on surface roughness, although an increased duration of disinfection decreased the surface roughness of casts.},  
Keywords = {Disinfectants, Dental Gypsum, Silicone Impression Material, Surface Properties},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {27-33}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.1.27},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-196-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-196-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rahmani, N and Salem, K and Moazemi, F},  
title = {Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency with Enamel Defects: a Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background: Hyper-Immunoglobulin M (IgM) syndrome (HIGM) is a rare primary immunodeficiency in which defective B-cell isotype switching results in a phenotype characterized by elevated or normal serum IgM levels and low levels of other Ig classes, leading to an increased susceptibility to infection, neutropenia, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. In this disease, a mutation occurs in the CD40 gene, leading to combined B-cell and T-cell immunodeficiencies. The oral manifestations include wound-like lesions, oral candidiasis, gingivitis, periodontitis, and enamel defects. Theoretically, systemic conditions affecting ameloblastic activity during enamel mineralization, such as abnormal oxygen levels resulting from hypoventilation in various respiratory diseases, result in enamel defects. Case presentation: We report a 10-year-old male with hyper-IgM immunodeficiency. The patient had suffered from frequent infections, respiratory problems, and bronchopneumonia from the age of 2 years. At 4 years of age, type 1 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed. During dental examinations, enamel defects were found in seven permanent teeth. Conclusion: A meticulous dental evaluation of children with systemic diseases is mandatory in order to discover possible developmental dental defects and to plan early interventions.  },  
Keywords = {Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Immunoglobulins, Enamel Hypoplasia},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {34-38}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.1.34},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-170-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-170-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jalalian, E and Bagheri, MR and Masoumi, S},  
title = {Effect of Core Thickness and Porcelain Sintering on Marginal Adaptation}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Marginal adaptation affects the long-term success of full-coverage restorations. This study aimed to assess the effect of porcelain sintering and zirconia core thickness on the marginal adaptation of all-ceramic restorations. Materials and methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, a standard brass die, 7 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter, was fabricated using a milling machine. A classic chamfer finish line with the depth of 0.8 mm was prepared with 10-degree tapered walls. Copings were fabricated on the die using the computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system and were divided into three groups (n=10) with 0.3-mm (group 1), 0.5-mm (group 2), and 0.7-mm (group 3) core thicknesses. The copings were placed on the dies and randomly coded. The vertical gap was measured at 10 points on the margin under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). After porcelain sintering, the crowns were placed again on the dies, and the vertical gap was measured again at the same points. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test. Results: There was a significant difference among the three groups in marginal gap (P<0.05). The comparison of marginal gaps before and after porcelain sintering showed no significant changes with 0.3-mm and 0.5-mm thicknesses (P>0.05) but the difference was statistically significant with 0.7-mm core thickness (P<0.05). Conclusion: It may be concluded that by increasing the zirconia core thickness, the marginal gap of all-ceramic crowns decreases. Regarding 0.3-mm and 0.5-mm core thicknesses, porcelain sintering had no effect on marginal gap but regarding 0.7-mm core thickness, marginal gap increased after sintering.[U1]   [U1]5},  
Keywords = {Zirconia, Marginal Adaptation, Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing, Dental Porcelain},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {1-6}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.2.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-195-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-195-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Moezzighadim, N and Taghibakhsh, M and Godarzi, H and Liravinezhadhoseini, N and Alirezaei, S},  
title = {Evaluation of the Effect of Four Herbal Extracts on Growth of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Reduction of oral pathogens is very important in the healing of oral ulcers and infections. The side effects of chemical drugs have attracted more attention to medicinal plants. The present study assessed the effect of clove, thyme, garlic, and cinnamon ethanolic extracts on the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus by measuring the inhibition zone diameter. Materials and methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, suspensions of standard strains of S. mutans (PTCC5027) and Lactobacillus (PTCC1608) were inoculated on Müller-Hinton agar using a sterile swab. 10 g of crushed and dried plants was dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol, and an ethanolic extract was obtained after passing through a filter and evaporation. 10 μl of each extract was poured onto blank discs which were placed on plates containing bacteria. A disc containing the control groups, including 0.2% chlorhexidine and a blank disc, was also placed on the plates. The plates were placed in a jar for 24 hours at 37°C and then the inhibition zone diameter around each disc was measured. Ten replicates were performed for each herbal extract. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests. Results: All four ethanolic herbal extracts were able to inhibit the growth of S. mutans and Lactobacilli. For both bacteria, the largest inhibition zone was observed with chlorhexidine, followed by clove, thyme, garlic, and cinnamon, respectively. There was a significant difference between the inhibition zone diameters formed by the extracts (P<0.01). Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of clove showed more prominent antibacterial effects than ethanolic extracts of thyme, garlic, and cinnamon.},  
Keywords = {Clove, Thyme, Garlic, Cinnamon, Chlorhexidine, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {7-13}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.2.7},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-203-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-203-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Alirezaei, S and Razeghi, E and Rezaie, M and MoeziGhadim, N and SabetGhadam, L},  
title = {Evaluation of the Prevalence of Oral Manifestations and the Related Factors in Hemodialysis Patients at Selected Hospitals of Tehran Province in 2016}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Halitosis, candidiasis, and metallic taste are some of the oral complications in chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis. The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of oral manifestations and the related factors in hemodialysis patients at selected hospitals of Tehran in 2016. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed through observation, examination, interviewing, reviewing the medical records, and completing the information form. Oral manifestations were examined with indices of halitosis, metallic taste, and candidiasis. The presence of each indicator was considered as oral manifestations, and the measurement was standardized and performed by a student under the supervision of the respective professors. The training required for measurements was provided by the supervisor and the advisor. The reliability was measured in a seven-day pilot study. An organoleptic method was used to measure halitosis. The diagnosis of metallic taste and candidiasis was made through interviewing and observation, respectively. Results: The study was performed on 250 patients (58.8% male and 41.2% female) with the mean age of 59 years (17 to 88 years). The average duration of dialysis was 62 months. Oral manifestations were present in 91.2% of patients. The most common oral manifestation was halitosis (90%), followed by metallic taste (12%), and candidiasis (10.8%). The incidence of candidiasis was higher in older patients and denture wearers (P≥0.05). Halitosis and metallic taste did not relate to the studied factors (P≥0.2 and ≥0.9). Conclusion: The prevalence of oral manifestations in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis is high. Etiologic studies are recommended to understand the causes and to reduce the complications.},  
Keywords = {Oral Manifestations, Renal Dialysis, Chronic Kidney Failure, Oral Candidiasis, Metallic Taste, Halitosis},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {14-23}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.2.14},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-202-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-202-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rezai, M and Farrokhnia, T and Vatanpour, M and Lesan, S and Yazdipour, SH},  
title = {Evaluation of Multiple Choice Questions of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Courses 1, 2, and 3 in the First Semester of Academic Year 2014-2015}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Lack of proper assessment of students' knowledge regarding theoretical contents leads to disappointment and negligence by weak students. This study assessed multiple-choice questions (MCQs) of oral and maxillofacial medicine courses in the first semester of the academic year 2014-2015. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, questions of theoretical oral medicine courses 1, 2, and 3 were assessed according to twelve items in Millman's checklist, including clearness of stem, negative option for stem, specific option, contrastive option, positive words in stem and options, writing structure of stem, duplicated option, the spelling of stem and options, vertically of options, positivity of stem and options, and use of "all of the above" and "none of the above" phrases in options. Difficulty and discrimination coefficients of each question and the rate of compliance with Millman's principles were evaluated using Excel 2007 and SPSS 16. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Regression analysis. Results: The responses of 219 students to 113 MCQs were evaluated. In theoretical course 1 with 40 MCQs, discrimination coefficient was 0.36±0.2, difficulty coefficient was 73.2±15.02, and correlation coefficient was 0.58. In theoretical course 2 with 35 MCQs, discrimination coefficient was 0.2±0.04, difficulty coefficient was 70.91±25.13, and correlation coefficient was 0.47. In theoretical course 3 with 38 MCQs, discrimination coefficient was 0.3±0.19, difficulty coefficient was 68.73±26.89, and correlation coefficient was 0.5. The percentage of compliance with Millman's principles was 81.88%, 83.58%, and 84.42% in courses 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion: The weakest discrimination coefficient was noted in theoretical oral medicine 2. The high percentage of simple difficulty coefficient in the three theoretical courses indicates the necessity of training faculty members in designing questions.  },  
Keywords = {Educational Measurement, Educational Test Performances, Learning, Feedback, Oral Medicine},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {24-30}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.2.24},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-205-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-205-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {EsfahaniZadeh, GR and AkhavanSaless, N and NoorBakhsh, M and Salari, MH and Ghalebaaghi, D},  
title = {Evaluation of the Effect of Sandblasting (120 μm) on Shear Bond Strength between Ceramic Veneer and Zirconia Core}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Due to the importance of the bond strength between zirconia core (ZC) and porcelain veneer (PV) as well as the paradox about the functionality of sandblasting on the solidity between those layers, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of sandblasting on the shear bond strength (SBS) between ZC and PV. Materials and Methods: After preparing 20 zirconia discs (7 mm × 3 mm) in this experimental study, they were randomly divided into two groups of case and control. In the case group, sandblasting with 120-μm aluminum oxide particles (Al2O3) was performed under 3.5-bar pressure at 10 mm distance from the zirconia surface for 15 seconds. Next, all the samples were cleaned with ultrasonic and 96% isopropyl alcohol for 3 minutes as well as steam cleaning for 10 seconds. Then, the samples were veneered with porcelain (3 mm × 5 mm). SBS was assessed using a universal testing machine. After data collection, the mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated and analyzed using T-test. Results: The SBS between ZC and PV was 62.56±8.35 MPa in the case group (after sandblasting) and 94.62±7.69 MPa in the control group. The SBS showed a significant statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.001). Conclusion: The result of this research indicated that sandblasting reduces the SBS between ZC and PV. Considering the limitations and the methodology of the study, the hypothesis regarding the positive impact of sandblasting on SBS was not proven.},  
Keywords = {Zirconium oxide, Dental Porcelain, Surface Properties, Dental Bonding, Ceramics},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {31-36}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.2.31},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-188-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-188-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Farhadi, S and Shahsavari, F and Alf, K},  
title = {Comparison of Expression of p53 and bcl-2 Markers in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: It has been suggested that oral lichen planus (OLP) can be a potential premalignant lesion. Reports are also available on the role of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in malignant transformation of OLP into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Due to controversies in these reports, the present study aimed to compare the expression of p53 and bcl-2 markers in OLP and OSCC. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on erosive OLP and well-differentiated OSCC samples using bcl-2 and p53 antibodies. One-thousand cells per slide were counted, and the results were reported as percentages. The results were scored, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare staining grades in the two lesions. Results: Twenty-two OLP and 25 OSCC samples with a mean age of 49.3±15.8 years were evaluated. Bcl-2 expression was reported to be 16.27±8.95% in OLP and 16.4±22.9% in OSCC. Expression of p53 was 30.86±28.26% in OLP and 49.6±29.6% in OSCC. The difference in bcl-2 expression between the two lesions was not significant (P=0.266), whereas this difference was significant for p53 expression (P=0.02). The correlation coefficient between these two markers was reported to be 0.45 in OSCC and 0.1 in OLP. Conclusion: According to the results, there was a significant difference in p53 expression between OLP and OSCC samples, whereas this difference was not significant for bcl-2. There was no significant association between the expressions of these two markers in the samples. Therefore, there does not seem to be a high malignancy potential for the studied OLP samples.},  
Keywords = {Oral Lichen Planus, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, bcl-2, p53},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {37-45}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.2.37},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-206-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-206-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {HamzezadehTofighi, O and Khabir, F and Fazlisalehi, OR},  
title = {Unorthodox Change in the Angulation of an Impacted Mandibular Third Molar: A rare Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background: Third molars are the most frequently impacted teeth, and extensive research has been carried out delineating their impaction prevalence, classification, and treatment approaches. We present a rare case of an impacted mandibular third molar which went through unprecedented changes in angulation over an eight-year time span with no particular pathologic, traumatic, or therapeutic interference. Case presentation: A 22-year-old female presented with an asymptomatic mesioangular impacted lower right third molar. Upon the patient’s next visit (eight years later), the newly obtained panoramic radiograph showed that the tooth’s crown has angulated towards the roots of the adjacent tooth, rendering the impaction to be horizontal rather than mesioangular. Given the changing position and angulation, it was decided to surgically extract the tooth. Conclusion: Early extraction of impacted teeth in patients that are candidates for such treatment in terms of age and medical conditions is recommended since changes in the angulation of impacted teeth could make the procedure more difficult.},  
Keywords = {Impacted Tooth, Mandible, Third Molar, Case Reports},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {46-49}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.2.46},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-197-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-197-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nazarian, N and Abbasi, M and Sakhdari, SH and Ghannad, S},  
title = {Comparison of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of Wave One and SafeSider in Curved Root Canals Using Cone-Beam
Computed Tomography}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Maintaining the original central canal path during cleaning and shaping of the root canal system plays an important role in the success of endodontic treatment. This study sought to compare canal transportation and centering ability of WaveOne and SafeSider rotary files using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro, experimental study was conducted on 40 mesiobuccal canals of extracted human mandibular first molars with 20° to 40° of curvature. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n=20) and mounted in putty. Next, preoperative CBCT scans were obtained. Root canals were prepared using primary file of WaveOne in group A and SafeSider system up to file #25/0.04 taper in group B. Postoperative CBCT scans were taken and cross-sectional images at 1, 3, and 7 mm distances from the anatomic apex were compared. Data were analyzed using t-test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: WaveOne was significantly superior to SafeSider regarding the canal centering ability and caused significantly less canal transportation (P<0.001). The canal centering ability of both systems was higher at the coronal and middle thirds of the root compared to the apical region (P<0.05). Conclusion: WaveOne, in contrast to SafeSider, has optimal canal centering ability and less transportation in curved root canals. },  
Keywords = {Root Canal Preparation,
Cone-Beam Computed
Tomography,
Rotary instruments,
Wave One,
Safe Side},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1-8}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.3.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-208-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-208-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Taghibakhsh, M and Moezzighadim, N and Rayatzadeh, M},  
title = {Evaluation of the Prevalence of Systemic Diseases in Patients Referring to the Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department of the Dental Branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran During 2016-17}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Given the relatively high prevalence of systemic diseases, the importance of these diseases in patient management, treatment planning, and treatment outcomes, the controversy in the reported incidence rates, and changes in the frequency of diseases over time, we aimed to determine the prevalence of systemic diseases among the patients referring to the Dental Branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 2016-17. Materials and Methods: The present research was carried out by studying the existing data. All records of patients who referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department during 2016-17 were extracted from the archives and evaluated for systemic diseases. The prevalence of systemic diseases in the subjects was estimated with 95% confidence interval. The role of related factors (age, gender, etc.) was statistically determined by Chi-square test. Results: Out of 6270 records, 2595 patients (41.4%) had systemic diseases and conditions; hypertensive diseases (8.42%), thyroid diseases (7.05%), and digestive diseases (6.5%) had the highest prevalence rates. 50.7% of the patients were women and 49.3% were men; the prevalence of systemic diseases was 41.5% below 45 years of age and 48.5% over 45 years of age. Medical consultation was requested for 702 patients, and drug intake was observed in 2029 patients. Request for medical advice and drug intake were more frequent in women and at over 45 years of age. Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of systemic diseases (41.4%) is high. Hypertension showed the highest prevalence. The incidence of systemic diseases increases with age and is higher in women.},  
Keywords = {Prevalence, Disease, Epidemiology, Drug Therapy},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {9-18}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.3.9},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {kaviani, R and Mackinejad, AR and PourgholiTakromi, Z and Mirmehdi, SA},  
title = {Evaluating the Symmetry of Permanent Teeth Dimensions on Two Sides of Dental Arches with Different Occlusions and Related Factors}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Considering the importance of teeth dimensions in their adequacies and aesthetics, their significant racial differences, and various statistics regarding the dimensions of symmetrical teeth in previous articles, we aimed to evaluate the dimensions of symmetrical permanent teeth on two sides of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and related factors in different occlusions of students and patients of Islamic Azad Dental University of Tehran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 people. A dental cast was made for each individual. The mesiodistal, labiolingual, and occlusogingival dimensions of the clinical crowns were measured using a caliper with the accuracy of 0.1 mm along with their adaptation and symmetry on two sides of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and related factors. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: 67.1% of the patients were females and 32.9% were males. There were 69.3% symmetric and 30.7% asymmetric cases; there were no significant differences in terms of the dimensions, gender, and jaws (P<0.8). Regarding teeth types and variations in maxillary and mandibular central incisors, symmetrical values were 10.3%, while non-symmetrical values were 31.3%. Asymmetrical values in central incisors of both dental arches were significantly greater than symmetrical values. Conclusion: It seems that on the left and right sides of both dental arches of permanent teeth in both genders, symmetrical values are greater than asymmetrical values. Asymmetrical values in central incisors of both arches were significantly greater than symmetrical values.  },  
Keywords = {Permanent Dentition, Asymmetry, Dental Arch, Dental Models, Occlusion, Odontometry},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {19-26}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.3.19},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Toursavadkohi, S and Zameni, F and Afkar, M},  
title = {Comparison of Tubular Penetration of AH26, EasySeal, and SureSeal Root Canal Sealers in Single-Rooted Teeth Using Scanning Electron Microscopy}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Tubular penetration of root canal sealers prevents filling material displacement and overgrowth of microorganisms in dentinal tubules. The aim of this study was to compare the tubular penetration of AH26, EasySeal, and SureSeal sealers in single-rooted teeth using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: Fifty human single-rooted teeth were included in this experimental study. After root canal preparation, AH26 was used in group 1, EasySeal was used in group 2, and SureSeal was used in group 3 using the lateral condensation technique. Sections at 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex were prepared and subjected to SEM analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc and paired t-tests were used to compare the deepest dentinal penetration of root canal sealers. Results: The deepest tubular penetration at 3 mm from the apex was 0.85±0.19 mm in group 1, 1.32±0.21 mm in group 2, and 1.17±0.42 mm in group 3; the difference was significant (P=0.01). The deepest tubular penetration at 6 mm from the apex was 1.09±0.3 mm in group 1, 2.12±0.45 mm in group 2, and 1.88±0.43 mm in group 3; the difference was significant (P=0.0001). The mean deepest tubular penetration was lower at 3 mm from the apex compared to the penetration at 6 mm from the apex (P=0.02). Conclusion: It seems that tubular penetration of AH26 sealer is less than that of EasySeal and SureSeal at 3-mm and 6-mm sections.  },  
Keywords = {Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealer, Dentin, Root Canal Preparation, Root Canal Filling Materials, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Tooth Root},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {27-32}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.3.27},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-211-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-211-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khalifeh, S and Rezaee, E and Azizi, A and Ebrahimi, H},  
title = {Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Versus Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is the most common cause of facial muscle pain. This study sought to assess the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and low-level laser (LLL) for treatment of MPS in comparison with a sham laser control group. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 55 MPS patients between 18-60 years old were randomly assigned to TENS, LLL (810 nm) or sham laser group. At the onset of treatment, 500 mg of methocarbamol and 250 mg of naproxen t.i.d. were prescribed for 10 days as the standard treatment protocol. Tenderness and pain of major muscles of mastication, minor muscles, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Maximum mouth opening and deviation and deflection of the jaw were also evaluated before and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and non-parametric Dunn’s test. Results: Pain severity (VAS score) in the masseter, lateral pterygoid, and trapezius muscles (at the side of greater involvement) significantly decreased in both TENS and LLL groups after the treatment. In the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and anterior temporalis muscles, significant pain reduction only occurred in LLL group. Mouth opening significantly increased in TENS group and decreased in LLL group. TMJ pain significantly decreased only in TENS group. Conclusion: Both TENS and LLL were efficient for treatment of MPS; however, the efficacy of TENS was found to be slightly higher than that of LLL.},  
Keywords = {Myofascial Pain Syndromes, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Low-Level Laser Therapy},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {33-41}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.3.33},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-207-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-207-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zarbakhsh, A and MazaheriTehrani, A and Shamshirgar, F and Khosroshahi, H},  
title = {Effect of GapSeal® as a Sealing Material on Microgap and Microleakage at External Hexagon Implant Connections Following Cyclic Loading: An In Vitro Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The mismatch of the implant-abutment connection can produce instant stress and microleakage which result in mechanical and biological complications. This study aimed to investigate the influence of GapSeal® as a sealing material on the extent of microgap and microleakage at the external hexagon implant platform following cyclic loading. Materials and Methods: Sixteen implants with an external-hexagon connection (BioHorizons External dental implant) were employed in this in-vitro experimental study. All implant-abutment sets were assigned to two groups and were molded in acrylic resins. GapSeal® was injected into the implants in the experimental (test) group. Then, implant assemblies were tightened with the torque of 30 N/cm, and 1200,000 loading cycles with the force of 100 N and the frequency of 1 Hz were applied. Every sample was immersed in a methylene blue dye to evaluate microleakage. Microgap was measured in six regions randomly using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were entered into SPSS 22 and were analyzed using t-test. Results: The mean±SD microgap was 0.87±0.35 µm and 3.43±1.61 µm in the test and control groups, respectively. Methylene blue dye was observed in all of the specimens of the control group, while no liquid was seen in the test group. A significant statistical difference was found between the groups regarding the microgap and microleakage (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Application of GapSeal® reduced the dimension of the microgap and decreased microleakage at the implant-abutment interface.},  
Keywords = {Dental Leakage, Dental Implant-Abutment Design, Dental Marginal Adaptation},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {42-48}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.3.42},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gholami, N and Badakhsh, S},  
title = {A noninvasive approach for management of recurrent oral mucocele in pediatric patients: a therapeutic case report}, 
abstract ={Background: Mucocele is a clinical term referring to a swelling caused by saliva accumulation at the site of an obstructed or traumatized minor salivary gland duct. This article reports the efficiency of intralesional corticosteroid injection in the treatment of a recurrent oral mucocele in a pediatric patient. Case presentation: A 7-year-old girl presented with the chief complaint of a painless swelling on the lower lip. A gradual increase in size with some episodes of emptying was noticed. The intraoral examination revealed a sessile, nodular and exophytic lesion on the lower lip. Two consecutive intralesional injections of 40 mg/ml triamcinolone acetonide were done at the base of the lesion. A significant reduction in size was observed after the first injection, and the lesion disappeared after two weeks. No recurrence was noticed during the one-year follow-up. Conclusion: Intralesional corticosteroid injection may be considered a less invasive and cost-effective approach for the management of oral mucoceles.},  
Keywords = {Mucocele, Pediatric Dentistry, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Injections},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {49-52}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.3.49},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-171-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-171-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hassani, A and Kakoienejad, M and Bahmani, P and Bahrani, H},  
title = {Complications of Implant Rehabilitation in Ectodermal Dysplasia Patients: A Review Study}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a hereditary disease that affects ectodermal tissues. Its oral manifestations include hypodontia or oligodontia, which cause the reduction of the height and width of the alveolar ridge. Considering numerous difficulties that these patients encounter with regard to facial appearance, talking, and chewing, their rehabilitation has a major influence on their quality of life. Implantation therapy is considered as a successful therapeutic protocol for substitution of such teeth. This article is a review of implant rehabilitation of ED patients and the related management procedures. Materials and Methods: In the present review article, the English articles in PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases from January 2000 to December 2017 have been investigated using the following keywords: anodontia, dental implants, ectodermal dysplasia, and hypodontia.  Conclusion: There is a multilateral approach to the treatment of ED patients according to their age, the status of oral soft and hard tissues and the remaining teeth. Implantation therapy for such patients is similar to that of non-ED patients.},  
Keywords = {Anodontia, Dental Implants, Ectodermal Dysplasia, Hypodontia},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {1-9}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.4.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salem, K and Vejdani, J and Espidkar, S and Aghaei, S},  
title = {Comparison of Deciduous Dental Occlusion in Breastfed Versus Bottle-Fed Children}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: The effect of different milk consumption patterns in infants on the formation of dental occlusion is one of the issues under discussion. Due to the lack of specific results in this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the occlusion of deciduous teeth in breastfed and bottle-fed infants. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study on 316 children aged 4-5 years old. This study was based on clinical examination and filling questionnaires. The examination was done at kindergartens and in sitting position using a dental mirror and with exposure to natural light. The occlusal relationship, overjet, overbite, and crossbite were examined through direct observation in the centric occlusion. The questionnaires were completed by the mothers. The basis of this study was the responses that mothers gave in the questionnaire based on the type and duration of breastfeeding or bottle-feeding. The collected data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test. Significance was considered at the level of P<0.05. Results: The results of this study showed a significant relationship between nutrition with dry milk and increased overjet (P=0.048) and distal step occlusion (P=0.001). The duration of milk consumption showed no significant relationship with any of the studied variables. Conclusion: Malocclusion was more frequently observed in bottle-fed children.},  
Keywords = {Dental Occlusion, Deciduous Dentition, Breastfeeding, Bottle Feeding},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {10-17}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.4.10},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Karimi, MR and Montazeri, M and Harandi, M and Aghazadeh, L and Aghazadeh, L},  
title = {Effect of Photodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue on Eikenella corrodens and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Biofilms Adhered to Titanium Discs: An In Vitro Study}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been suggested as a novel technique for decontamination of exposed implant surfaces. We aimed to evaluate the effect of aPDT on sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium discs contaminated with Eikenella corrodens (Ec) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Materials and methods: In this in-vitro study, twenty-four sterile SLA titanium discs were contaminated with Ec (PTCC® 1391) and Aa )ATCC® 33384( and were randomly divided into the following groups: aPDT-treated group consisted of 12 discs submerged in 1 ml of toluidine blue and exposed to a low-level laser; negative control group comprised of 6 discs rinsed with physiological saline, and positive control group included 6 discs submerged in 2 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX). After serial dilution, each sample was cultivated in an anaerobic environment (24 hours for Ec and 48 hours for Aa). Microbial reduction rate was calculated through colony-forming unit (CFU) counting according to Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The number of colonies for both bacterial strains in the aPDT-treated group was significantly reduced compared to the negative control group, showing the bactericidal potential of aPDT with toluidine blue (P<0.0001). The 0.2% CHX group showed a significantly smaller amount of colonies (CFU=1.089×107 for Ec and 3×107 for Aa) compared to the aPDT-treated group (CFU=3.73±1.19×109 for Ec and 52±13.6×105 for Aa; P<0.00001). Conclusion: aPDT with toluidine blue significantly reduces Ec and Aa contamination of SLA titanium discs; however, 0.2% CHX showed the highest bactericidal potential and is still considered the gold standard in antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant diseases.  },  
Keywords = {Decontamination, Titanium, Photodynamic Therapy, Eikenella corrodens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {18-25}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.4.18},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jalalian, SH and EmamiArjomand, M and Mahavi, A},  
title = {Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Cusp Coverage with Composite Versus Unsupported Enamel Reinforced with Composite in Posterior Dental Restorations}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Efficient bonding techniques should be employed for strengthening tooth structure. Whether to preserve intact dental tissue or to sacrifice some undermined parts can still be challenging. We aimed to evaluate the fracture strength of cusp coverage with composite versus unsupported enamel reinforced with composite in posterior restorations. Materials and methods: In this in-vitro study, over-impressions were made from 36 sound human maxillary premolars using bleaching shields. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=12): group 1) intact teeth, group 2) teeth with MOD cavities without cusp coverage, and group 3) teeth with MOD cavities and 1.5 mm of buccal and palatal cusp coverage. Wide MOD cavities were prepared such that only 1 mm of intact enamel was left unsupported at margins. The cavities were restored using light-cure glass ionomer and P60 composite using the over-impressions to achieve the normal tooth anatomy. The teeth were stored in water at 37°C for a week, and their fracture resistance was assessed using a universal testing machine. The load at fracture was recorded in Newton (N). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The mean±standard deviation (SD) of fracture load was 1834.62±104.04 N in group 1, 750.34±147.46 N in group 2, and 1211.30±210.85 N in group 3. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between the groups (P=0.001). Likewise, Tukey’s test showed that the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Using composite in restoring unsupported enamel must be combined with cusp coverage to increase fracture strength.},  
Keywords = {Composite Resins, Fracture Strengths, Onlays},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {26-32}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.4.26},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nadafpour, N and GHaedi, FB and Verdipanah, Z and Alizadehtabari, Z},  
title = {A Survey on the Knowledge and Performance of Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialists and Residents Regarding the Effect of Periodontal Diseases on Pregnancy Complications at Educational and Therapeutic Centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The knowledge and performance of obstetrics and gynecology (OBG) specialists regarding the relationship between maternal periodontal disease and pregnancy complications are unclear, especially in Iran. Considering the key role of this group in evaluating pregnant women at risk, we aimed to determine the knowledge and performance of OBG specialists and residents regarding the effects of periodontal disease on pregnancy outcomes at therapeutic centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires containing individual and exclusive questions were provided to OBG specialists and residents. Of the 92 questionnaires, 67 were returned, of which 58 were evaluable. Absolute and relative frequencies and the knowledge and performance scores of each group were determined and compared. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and Chi-square test. Results: 71% of OBG residents and 77.8% of OBG specialists were familiar with periodontal disease via scientific texts. The mean awareness score of OBG residents and specialists was respectively 69.13±15.35 and 83.7±16.7; the difference was significant. There was no significant correlation between the awareness of gynecologists about the effect of periodontal diseases on pregnancy outcomes with their work experience. The mean performance scores of OBG specialists and residents was 51.13±31.1 and 41.9±28.8, respectively, with no significant difference. There was no significant relationship between the referral behaviors of OBG specialists and their work experience. Conclusion: The awareness of OBG specialists and residents about the correlation between pregnancy and gingival disease was good, but their performance was moderate. Attendance of OBG specialists and residents to retraining courses will improve their awareness and performance.},  
Keywords = {Work Performance, Knowledge, Periodontal Diseases, Obstetric Deliveries, Gynecology, Pregnancy Complications},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {33-37}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.4.33},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {EmamiMeibodi, SH and Narimani, MA and Sarkarat, F and Omidsalar, P},  
title = {Evaluation of the Correlation Between Vertical Facial Discrepancies and Cervical Vertebral Fusion}, 
abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: To date, the possibility of any correlation between pathological problems associated with cervical vertebral fusion and long facial pattern has been limitedly assessed. The aim of the present study was to find the correlation between the risk of fusion in cervical vertebrae and long facial pattern in adults. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 80 lateral cephalograms with proper density and contrast were selected. The vertical facial dimension was analyzed to determine normal and long face patterns and to divide the samples into control and case groups, respectively. Cervical vertebrae were observed to detect the continuance of radiopacity between cervical vertebrae, which is considered as a risk of fusion. Data were transferred to SPSS software, and Pearson's chi-squared test was used to detect the correlation between cervical vertebral fusion and the vertical facial pattern. Results: The analysis of the data showed that the number of samples with fusion was higher in long face samples than in samples with normal vertical facial dimensions. Pearson's chi-squared test revealed a correlation between the vertical facial pattern and the risk of fusion in cervical vertebrae (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, there is a correlation between an increase in the vertical facial dimension and the prevalence of cervical vertebral fusion. Keywords: Adult, Cephalometry, Cervical Vertebrae, Vertebral Fusion},  
Keywords = {Adult, Cephalometry, Cervical Vertebrae, Vertebral Fusion},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {38-42}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.4.38},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sarkarat, F and Kahali, R},  
title = {An unusual case of mouth opening limitation caused by bilateral coronoid process hyperplasia: A case report}, 
abstract ={Coronoid process hyperplasia is the enlargement of the coronoid processes and may lead to their impingement upon the zygomatic arch and limitation of the mouth opening. It can be unilateral or bilateral and usually affects men in the second decade of life. The etiology of the coronoid process hyperplasia is unknown. The aim of treatment is to restore the mouth opening and the only available treatment is surgery. Intraoral coronoidectomy has been suggested as the treatment of choice. Although the immediate increase in jaw mobility is gained after surgery, proper post-operative rehabilitation and physical therapy is necessary to maintain the mouth opening.},  
Keywords = {Coronoid Process,
Hyperplasia,
Trismus,
Temporomandibular Joint
Disorders},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {43-48}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.3.4.43},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2018}  
}