@article{ 
author = {Navabi, N and Shahravan, A and Khoshroo, SMR and Asadi, L},  
title = {The Status of Evidence-Based Dentistry in Iran}, 
abstract ={ Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) is very limitedly known in Iran, and has been defined as an approach to oral healthcare that requires the judicious integration of systemic assessments of clinically relevant scientific evidences, related to patient’s history and oral and medical conditions, with dentist’s clinical expertise and patient’s treatment needs and preferences. (1-5) The EBD is a popular medical field worldwide, involving the utilization of the results of clinical dental research that improves decision-making procedures to render the best treatment available to patients, determining the highest-quality treatment methods. (6, 7) },  
Keywords = {Medical consultation,
Dental clinics,
Patient care planning},
volume = {1},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-3}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.1.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {lawaf, S and NematiAnaraki, S and Azizi, A and Harandi, D and Nazari, MS and Aazaminejad, SM and Aghajani, M},  
title = {In Vitro Comparison of the Effect of Nano-Hybrid Composite Resin and Amalgam on the Adhesion of Streptococcus Mutans}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Due to the increasing use of restorative materials, finding a suitable material with low adhesion rate and colonization of pathogenic Streptococcus mutans has a significant importance. The purpose of this study was the comparison of the adhesion rate of Streptococcus mutans to “Nano-hybrid composite” and “Amalgam” at 1, 3, and 7 day intervals. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, 72 samples of Amalgam and composite resin were placed in two equal groups and exposed to bacterial suspension holding 1× 106 cell/ml and after three time periods of 1, 3, and 7 days, the restorative material samples were suspended in 1cc of physiologic serum, and 100µl of the suspension was cultured on Blood Agar medium. After 48 hours the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies were counted. The data were analyzed by T-test. Results: The mean and standard deviation of Streptococcus mutans colonies adhered to Nano-hybrid composite resin at 1, 3, and 7 day intervals were measured 12.7±2.3, 1.5±2.12 and zero colonies, respectively. Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to composite resin during these three days, showed a significant statistical difference (p<0.005). The mean and standard deviation of colonies, which adhered to Amalgam at 1, 3 and 7 day intervals were 32±7.01, 18.8±3.8 and zero colonies, correspondingly. The adherence of Streptococcus mutans to Amalgam during these three days showed a significant statistical difference (p<0.001). The comparison between Amalgam and composite resin showed that the adherence of Streptococcus mutans to composite resin was lower during the first and the third day and the results were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The result of this study showed that adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Nano-hybrid composite is lower than the adhension to Amalgam. },  
Keywords = { Dental composite resin, Dental Amalgam, Cell adhesion, Streptococcus mutans.},
volume = {1},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {4-8}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.1.4},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {khorgami, K and Sadaghiani, M and Nemati, N},  
title = {In-vitro Comparison of the Impact of Four Types of Resin  Composite on the Repaired Bond Strength and Surface  Roughness After Sandblasting}, 
abstract ={Abstract Background and Aim: One of the major problems with resin composite restorations is the weakness of bonding between the new and aged composites. Since appropriate micromechanical retention is necessary for the repair of aged resin composite restorations, the level of surface roughness after sandblasting can be influential in this regard. Considering the diverse composition of available resin composites in the market, the present study was performed to compare the impact of four resin composite types: Micro-hybrid (Z250), Nano-fill (Z350XT), Nano-hybrid (Z250XT) and Silorane-base (p90) on the repaired bond strength and surface roughness after sandblasting. Methods and Materials: In this in-vitro experimental study, 44 resin composite discs with the diameter of 6mm and height of 2mm were divided to 4 groups of Micro-hybrid, Nano-fill, Nano-hybrid and Silorane-base and from 11 samples of each resin composite type, one sample was evaluated for surface roughness level before and after sandblasting with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and 10 samples were tested for shear bond strength in universal testing machine. Results:The findings indicated that Micro-hybrid resin composite had the highest shear bond strength (37.8±6.4 MPa) followed respectively by Nano-fill (30 ±3.8 MPa), Silorane-base (17.9±4 MPa) and Nano-hybrid composites (7.6±1.9 MPa). The differences between all groups were significant (p <0.000). Before sandblasting, Nano-hybrid type had the highest level of surface roughness (505 ±154nm) and the lowest value was related to Micro-hybrid resin composite (94±35nm)  (p<0.000). After sandblasting, Nano-fill (1997±288nm), Silorane-base, Micro-hybrid and Nano-hybrid composites (1284 ± 645nm) showed the highest increase in surface roughness, respectively (p<0.4). Conclusion: In the present study, sandblasting caused a significant increase in the surface roughness of the four studied resin composite types. Despite the lowest surface roughness of Micro-hybrid type, it showed the highest bond strength amongst other composites after sandblasting.},  
Keywords = {Resin composite
Sandblasting
Surface roughness
Bond strength},
volume = {1},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {9-16}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.1.9},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tootoonchian, AR and Sezavar, M and KahaliAsl, R and nematollahi, Z},  
title = {Basal Cell Adenoma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Review of the Literature}, 
abstract ={Salivary gland tumors are among the pathologies in the head and neck that may be challenging in diagnosis and treatment. Most benign tumors occur in the parotid gland. Pleomorphic Adenoma is the most common type. Basal Cell Adenoma is a subtype of the Monomorphic Adenoma with rare occurrence. Proper diagnosis and clinical evaluation by the use of radiography can lead the physician to the best treatment plan for this neoplasia. Many surgical treatment modalities have been described in the literature ranging from total parotidectomy to dissection of the tumoral area alone. Extensive surgery will lead to malfunction and unacceptable esthetics due to resection of the parotid gland. One of the best approaches for treating the encapsulated and well-circumscribed pathologies is extra-capsular dissection without invading the major salivary gland. A rare case of Basal Cell Adenoma of the parotid gland in a 47-year-old female will be discussed.},  
Keywords = {Basal cell adenoma, Salivary gland neoplasms, Parotid neoplasms},
volume = {1},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {17-21}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.1.17},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pakshir, HR and Mokhtar, A and Darnahal, A and Kamali, Z and Jamilian, AR},  
title = {Treatment Effects of Farmand Functional Appliance on Class II
Division 1 Malocclusion}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cephalometric changes in Class II division 1 mandibular deficient patients treated with Farmand functional appliance.  Methods and Materials: Twenty-seven subjects (17 girls and 10 boys) with the mean age of 11.1±1.4 years were involved in the present study. All the subjects were treated with Farmand functional appliance. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to evaluate the data. The significance level was set at P<0.005. Results: A skeletal Class I relationship and a marked reduction in the overjet were achieved with the use of Farmand appliance. ANB decreased significantly by 3.2±1.7 degrees, while SNB increased from 74.3 ±1.7 degrees to 77.6±2.3 degrees (P<0.001).  Conclusion: The results showed that Farmand functional appliance is effective in the treatment of mandibular deficiency in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion.},  
Keywords = {Class II Division 1,malocclusion,Functional orthodontic appliance,Farmand},
volume = {1},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {22-27}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.1.22},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shahsavari, F and Sadri, D and Jolehar, M and Farzanehnejad, R},  
title = {Epidemiologic Study of the Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in the Biopsied Samples at Buali and Imam Khomeini Hospitals from 2000 to 2014}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Oral mucosal lesions have various prevalence rates among different populations. Few studies have evaluated the frequency of oral mucosal lesions in Iranian population. This study aimed to determine the frequency of oral mucosal lesions and the related factors.                        Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted based on the data in the archives of two referral centers, including the Pathology Departments of the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini and Buali hospitals in Tehran, from June 2000 to July 2014. Age, sex, location of the lesions and microscopic diagnosis were retrieved from the files, and the data were analyzed by SPSS13 using Chi-square test.  Results: Among 59273 files, 976 patients (1.56%) had oral mucosal lesions, and the most prevalent pathologies were epithelial lesions (89.4%), followed by connective tissue lesions (6.5%). Squamous Cell Carcinoma (53%) was the most prevalent epithelial lesion. The most common location of oral mucosal lesions was the lips (27.8%). Mean age of the patients was 44 ± 3 years. The incidence of mucosal lesions increased with age, while no correlation was observed between mucosal lesions and sex (P<0.9). Conclusion: The most prevalent oral mucosal lesion was the Squamous Cell Carcinoma, which is a malignant tumor with epithelial origin, and its early diagnosis is necessary.},  
Keywords = {Oral mucosa,
Oral cancer,
Neoplasm,
Soft tissue},
volume = {1},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {28-33}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.1.28},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Dehghani, M and Montazerlotfelahi, H and Moeini, M and Bardal, R},  
title = {Comparing the Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography,Digital Intraoral Radiography and Conventional Intraoral
Radiography in the Measurement of Periodontal Bone Defects}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) produces high-quality data in periodontal diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of CBCT with intraoral digital and conventional radiography in the measurement of periodontal bone defects.  Methods and Materials: In this diagnostic research, two hundred and eighteen artificial osseous defects (buccal and lingual infra-bony, inter proximal, horizontal, crater, dehiscence and fenestration defects) were shaped in 13 dry mandibles. CBCT  and intraoral radiography with parallel technique by conventional film and digital sensor were compared with the standard reference (digital caliper). Inter and intra observer agreement were assessed using Intra class correlation co-efficient and Pearson correlation. Paired T-Test was applied for the comparison of absolute differences of conventional and digital intraoral radiography and CBCT measurements with the gold standard. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS® v13.0 statistical software. Results: Inter and intra observer agreement were both high for CBCT (ICC: α=0/88) but moderate for intraoral conventional radiography (ICC: α=0/54) and digital radiography (ICC: α=0/73). No significant differences were detected between the observers for all the techniques (P> 0.05). According to Paired T-test, mean difference for CBCT technique (0.01mm) was lower than digital radiography (0.47mm) and conventional radiography (0.63mm). CBCT allowed the measurement of all lesion types, but intraoral radiography did not allow the measurement of buccal and lingual defects.  Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the studied radiographic modalities are useful in identifying the periodontal bone defects. CBCT technique showed the highest accuracy in the measurement of periodontal bone defects compared with digital and conventional intraoral radiography.},  
Keywords = {Cone beam computed tomography, Dental radiography, Digital radiography, Periodontal disease.},
volume = {1},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {34-39}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.1.34},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mehralizade, S and NematiAnaraki, S and Sakhdari, S and Miraba, S and AmiriSiavashani, M and Bayat, S},  
title = {Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Two Different Resolutions of
Radiographs Captured with PSP Digital Intraoral Receptors in
Detection of Secondary Caries (In Vitro)}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Considering the importance of detection of secondary caries, the adverse consequences of false positive and false negative diagnoses and the gap of information in the diagnostic efficacy of digital sensors in detection of secondary caries, this in vitro study sought to compare the diagnostic efficacy of two different resolutions of radiographs obtained by photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate intraoral sensors in detection of secondary caries in class II composite resin restorations using a standard technique.  Methods and Materials: This diagnostic study was conducted on 40 extracted human second premolars. A classic class II cavity was prepared on one proximal surface of each tooth and restored with composite resin. Intraoral digital radiographs were obtained and saved in High and Super resolutions. Secondary caries were artificially created using a round bur mounted on a high-speed handpiece, and the teeth were radiographed again. Radiographs were saved with the mentioned two resolutions. All the radiographs were evaluated by three observers. Caries detection was classified using the yes/no dichotomous scale and data were statistically analyzed using kappa coefficient.  Results: No significant differences were found in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the two resolutions in caries detection (P>0.05). Conclusion: The High and Super resolutions of radiographs taken with digital intraoral PSP plates showed no significant differences in detection of artificially created secondary caries. },  
Keywords = {Dental Radiography, Digital Radiography, Diagnosis, Dental Caries, Composite resin},
volume = {1},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {40-45}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.1.40},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rabiei, M and Yousefbeyk, F and Ghasemi, S and Pirzamanbin, S},  
title = {An investigation on How Community Pharmacies and Herbalist’s Shops manage patients with probable Oral Cancer}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Oral cancer is a serious health problem, mainly in cases with late diagnosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of community pharmacists, community pharmacy assistants and herbalists in late stage diagnosis of oral cancer. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study by the standardized simulated patient approach was undertaken to investigate the recommendation given to a potential cancer patient at pharmacies and herbalists’ shops in Rasht, Iran. The introductory statement was "My father is 63 years old and he is a smoker who has a painful ulceration on his tongue for about 6 months which wasn’t painful at first but is painful now. What would be your recommendation? "All the responses were noted and transferred to data sheets. The recommendations were analyzed separately and then grouped. Recommended therapies and their administrations were also recorded. Results: The results showed that 73% of community pharmacies referred patients to primary medical care systems. Community pharmacists and community pharmacy assistants had closely equal roles (74.3% and 72.5%, respectively). Contrariwise, only 7.1% of herbalists referred patients with oral ulcers to a physician or a dentist. Almost 10% of the pharmacies recommended OTC drugs only and 11% prescribed medications combined with referral to a medical or dental practitioner for consultation. In reverse, 78.6% of herbalists recommended an OTC remedy and none of them advised patients to visit a GP or dentist accompanied by prescribing an herbal remedy. Conclusions: Herbalists have a potential role in diagnostic delay in patients with oral cancer.},  
Keywords = {Key words: oral cancer, community pharmacies, community pharmacy assistants, herbalist},
volume = {1},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {1-6}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.2.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Moini, P and Eslami, G and Taheri, S and Valaei, N and NajiRad, MA},  
title = {In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Licorice Aqueous Root Extract (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) and Chlorhexidine against Lactobacillus Acidophilus}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Oral infections and dental caries are considered as two serious public health problems, which inflict a costly burden on health care services worldwide, especially in the developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Iranian Licorice aqueous root extract on Lactobacillus Acidophilus in comparison with Chlorhexidine. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of Licorice aqueous root extract and Chlorhexidine against Lactobacillus Acidophilus using Disk Diffusion Method, determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by Broth Micro & Macro Dilution Methods and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) by Agar Dilution Method. Research was repeated 3 times and data were analyzed by ANOVA test. The P value of ≤ 0.01 was considered as the level of significance. Results: Chlorhexidine showed significantly higher levels of antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus Acidophilus in comparison with Licorice aqueous root extract (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Although Licorice aqueous root extract is beneficial, Chlorhexidine is more efficient in the prevention of dental caries and oral infections.},  
Keywords = {Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Chlorhexidine, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Microbial Sensitivity Tests.},
volume = {1},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {7-14}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.2.7},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hafezi, L and Mohebbi, M},  
title = {Effect of Head Misalignment in Horizontal & Vertical Dimensions on the Magnification Rate of Digital Panoramic Radiography in
Different Parts of the Jaws}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Considering the widespread development of implants in dental treatment plans, linear measurements on panoramic radiography are of especial importance. In the present study we investigated the effect of head misalignment up to 15° around vertical and horizontal axes on the magnification rate of digital panoramic radiography in each part of upper and lower jaws. Materials and methods: In this in vitro experimental study, five edentulous human skulls were used. Steel globes with 4mm diameter were placed inside each dental socket. Each skull was exposed twice at standard panoramic position and at 5, 10 and 15° upward, downward, left and right deviated positions with NewTom GIANO radiographic system with the least amount of kVp and mAs. All 50 images were saved in true size and the maximum horizontal and vertical diameter of each globe was measured by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist using linear measurement software. Data were statistically analyzed by Chi- square and ANOVA tests. Results: At standard panoramic position, linear measurements in both horizontal and vertical dimensions showed magnification and the results indicated 12-13% magnification in vertical dimension in all parts of both jaws. The least rate of horizontal magnification was seen in the molar area of both jaws (6%). (p<0.05) At lateral head rotation, linear measurements in vertical dimension were less affected. (p>0.05) Linear measurements in horizontal dimension showed the highest variations especially in the posterior parts of the jaws. (p>0.05) At upward and downward chin rotations, vertical measurements showed magnification rate comparable with that of standard panoramic position while horizontal measurements showed increased magnification at upward rotation and decreased magnification during downward rotation. (p>0.05) Conclusions: Vertical and horizontal linear measurements show magnification at standard panoramic position and also at lateral head rotation around Y-axis and at upward and downward rotations. Furthermore, even at deviations up to 15°, no minimized measurements were recorded in the obtained panoramic radiographs.},  
Keywords = {digital radiography, panoramic radiography, magnification},
volume = {1},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {15-22}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.2.15},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-102-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-102-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shahsavari, F and Ghasemi, SH and Farhadi, S and Delavari, S and Mazinani, P},  
title = {Occupational Exposure in Dental Laboratory Technicians May Induce Nuclear Abnormalities in Buccal Mucosa Cells: A PrelimiNary Study}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Increased rate of micronucleus in buccal mucosa cells and its correlation with carcinogenesis is worth consideration. Recently, occupation in dental laboratories has been proposed as a predisposing factor. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of occupational exposure on buccal mucosa cells of dental laboratory technicians. Materials and methods: This historical-cohort study was conducted on 16 male dental laboratory technicians and 16 males were selected as the control group. All samples were matched according to age. The samples neither had any recent viral diseases nor were consumers of any specific medications. Cigarette smokers and alcoholics, individuals with risky occupations or with a history of radiotherapy were excluded. Buccal mucosa cells were sampled by use of a plastic spatula and were stained with Papanicolaou stain. Micronucleus frequency was evaluated under light microscope (400×). T-test was used for statistical analysis. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Micronucleus frequency equaled 69±70 and 27±8.6 in case and control samples, respectively; which is 2.6 times higher in the case group. T-test showed that the difference in micronucleus frequency was significant between the two groups. (P<0.001) Conclusions: the present study showed that the frequency of micronucleated cells in buccal mucosa of dental laboratory technicians is 2.6 times higher than that of the control subjects. Therefore, the mentioned occupation may increase the risk of induction of oral malignant transformations. },  
Keywords = {Micronucleus assay, oral cancer, dental laboratory technician},
volume = {1},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {23-27}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.2.23},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-103-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-103-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Koosha, S and Nematolahi, F and Torshabi, M and Tabatabaei, F and Borzoo, Y and Vatandoost, AM},  
title = {In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Two Categories of Dental Cements}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Resin cements are used widely in restorative dentistry regardless of their biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of two categories of dental cements consisting of three chemically set cements (Fuji I, Fuji PLUS and Harvard) and two dual curing cements (BisCem and Duo-Link) by use of MTT assay. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, four round-shaped samples of each specimen were placed in DMEM culture medium for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The extracts from each sample were applied on L929 mouse fibroblasts. At the end of each period, MTT assay was carried out to estimate the mitochondrial respiration. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. The degree of cytotoxicity for each sample was determined according to the reference value of the control group. Results: Fuji I cement showed the least cytotoxicity while Harvard and BisCem cements showed the highest cytotoxic effect. The differences were not significant compared to the positive control (distilled water). Conclusion: This study showed that dental cements are capable of eliciting biological response in gingival and pulpal cells. They present a potential risk of tissue damage which depends on the cement's brand and curing modes.},  
Keywords = {cytotoxicity test, dental cements, biocompatibility, fibroblasts},
volume = {1},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {28-35}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.2.28},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Talaeipour, AR and NematiAnaraki, S and HeidarkhanTehrani, S and Golpasha, M},  
title = {In Vivo Diagnostic Accuracy of Digital Radiography in the Detection of Secondary Caries in Anterior Teeth}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Secondary caries are a common challenge for dentists. Many researchers have evaluated the accuracy of digital radiographic systems in the detection of secondary caries and have reported controversial results. Therefore, the aim of this in vivo study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of digital radiography in the detection of secondary caries in anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: In this diagnostic in vivo study, 34 patients were selected from among the individuals who wished to replace their anterior teeth restorations. The restorations in need of replacement were class III or class IV composite resin restorations which were at least 5 years aged with either a crack in the restoration body or with more than 0.5mm marginal maladaptation or marginal discoloration. Digital radiographs were obtained and were observed randomly by four oral and maxillofacial radiologists. Caries detection was classified using a 5-point Likert scale. Statistics were computed to assess Kappa coefficients. Results: According to the data, observer reliability for PSP sensor was between 0.79 and 0.88 which is an indicator of the high accuracy of PSP sensor. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 90, 77, 86, 85 and 86 % respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that in vivo digital radiography with PSP sensors is sufficiently accurate in the detection of secondary caries.},  
Keywords = {Dental Caries,
Digital Radiography,
Diagnosis},
volume = {1},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {36-40}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.2.36},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jolehar, M and khalili, M and baghaii, F},  
title = {A Rare Odontogenic Tumor Known as Cementoblastoma; A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background: Odontogenic tumors are derived from the epithelial and/or mesenchymal remnants of the tooth-forming apparatus. Therefore, they are found exclusively in tooth-bearing areas. Similar to other neoplasms in the body, odontogenic tumors tend to histologically mimic the cell or tissue of origin. Case history: A 5-year-old boy presented with a chief complaint of pain in the mandible which started 3 months ago. Oral examination revealed bony expansion and a radiopaque mass fused with the roots of deciduous second molar was detected during radiographic examination. After surgical excision of the lesion and the involved tooth, microscopic examination revealed neoplastic tissue consisted of trabeculae of mineralized material with irregular lacunae and prominent basophilic reversal lines. Each trabecula was lined by prominent cells surrounded by cellular connective tissue. The lesion infiltrated the pulp chamber and root canals. Conclusions: According to the clinical and radiographic findings, bone-producing tumors, odontogenic tumors with calcifications and reactive lesions were included in the differential diagnosis. However, based on histopathology and radiographic data, final diagnosis of Cementoblastoma, a benign odontogenic tumor, was confirmed. Patient follow-up revealed no recurrence of the lesion.},  
Keywords = {odontogenic tumor, mesenchyme, neoplasm},
volume = {1},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {41-45}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.2.41},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Vatanpour, M and FalahDoust, A and Shojaee, G and Jamshidian, A and Farasat, A},  
title = {In Vitro Comparison of the Effect of Ledermix® Paste and Green Tea Extract on the Concentration of Inflammatory Mediators}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of Ledermix® paste and green tea extract on the concentration of inflammatory mediators. Materials and methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, first, the noncytotoxic concentrations of Ledermix® medicament and green tea extract were determined by MTT assay. Afterwards, the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α inflammatory mediators were assessed by ELISA test in the four experimental groups and also in the control group at different time intervals of 2, 24, and 48 hours and after 7 days. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis of the obtained raw data followed by Tukey's post-hoc test for pair comparisons. Results: the noncytotoxic concentration of green tea extract and Ledermix® paste equaled 12 µg/ml and 0.25 µg/ml, respectively. Time interval had no significant effect on the concentration of the mediators. Generally, both substances significantly decreased the concentration of IL-1β and IL-6 inflammatory mediators in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: Green tea extract is less cytotoxic and more biocompatible than Ledermix® paste. Both Ledermix® paste and green tea extract expressed anti-inflammatory effects.},  
Keywords = {Cytotoxicity, Green tea extract,  Inflammatory mediators, Ledermix® paste},
volume = {1},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1-7}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jrdms.1.3.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-110-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-110-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sadatmansouri, S and Ayubianmarkazi, N and Aghajeri, S and Delaram, MR and Iranpour, B},  
title = {Evaluation of the Effect of Calcium Silicate Phosphate, Osteon, and
Bio-Oss on Cell Viability and Cell Morphology of Human SaOS-2}, 
abstract ={Background and aim:  Several reports have been published on the successful application of various bone substitute materials (BSM). Appropriate physiologic and histologic characteristics and reactions of these materials against host cells are critically important. In this study, the biocompatibility of a new bone substitute material has been evaluated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental In vitro study, the biocompatibility of silicate calcium phosphate, Bio-Oss and Osteon were compared by evaluation of cell viability and differentiation rate of human osteoblast-like cell line (SaOS-2). No graft material was used in the control group. Cell viability rate was evaluated by MTT test after 1, 3 and 14 days of incubation. Inverted Light Microscope and SEM were utilized for evaluation of cell morphology. MTT and cell morphology were analyzed by ANOVA test in all groups Results: Cell viability of the control group equaled 0.453±0.016, while in the test groups it equaled 0.453±0.016 for Bio-Oss, 0.439±0.011 for Osteon and 0.425±0.026 for silicate calcium phosphate. There was no significant difference between the control and the test groups. Spindle form was the dominant SaOS-2 cell morphology in all groups. Conclusion: This study showed that calcium silicate phosphate has appropriate biocompatibility comparable with that of Bio-Oss and Osteon.  },  
Keywords = {SaOS-2, bone substitute, cell viability, cell morphology},
volume = {1},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {8-13}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-470-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-470-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sakhdari, SH and Hafezi, L and Esmaili, M},  
title = {Prevalence of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve’s Anterior Loop and Mandibular Incisive Canal by Use of Cone Beam Computed
Tomography (CBCT) in an Iranian Population.}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Mental nerve injury is one of the challenges of implant surgeries in the anterior mandibular region, which leads to complications such as paresthesia of the lip and chin. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve's (IAN) anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal by use of  CBCT. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 200 high resolution CBCT images of the patients referring to a private oral and maxillofacial radiology center were evaluated. The images were obtained by NewTom Giano unit and were measured in NNT viewer software. Reconstructed panoramic-like images were prepared, and upon the detection of the anterior loop, cross sectional slices were made and dimensions of the anterior loop were calculated by counting the cross sections. In addition, the maximum diameter of the incisive canal was measured, and the location of this diameter was determined on the cross sections relative to dental roots. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test. Results: In the 200 evaluated subjects, the prevalence of the anterior loop, with the minimum length of 3mm, was estimated to be 19% and the prevalence of the incisive canal was valued to be 87.5%. No significant correlation was detected between the presence of the anterior loop and age, gender, dental status and side of the jaw. Also, no significant association was detected between the presence of the incisive canal and age, gender and dental status (p=0/597,p=0/492,p=0/643) respectively. The maximum diameter of the incisive canal was 5.3 mm which was located between the first and second premolars. Conclusion: Considering the results, it seems that evaluation and measurement of the length of the IAN's anterior loop and the diameter of the incisive nerve by CBCT are necessary steps to prevent nerve injuries during surgical procedures in the anterior mandibular region.},  
Keywords = {Mental nerve, Anterior loop, Inferior alveolar nerve, Mandibular incisive canal, Cone Beam Computed Tomography},
volume = {1},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {14-21}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jrdms.1.3.14},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hajifattahi, F and HosseiniJeddi, S and Khatibi, M},  
title = {Comparison of the Effect of Pomegranate Juice and Orange Juice
on the Level of pH of Dental Plaque}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: reduction of dental plaque pH is an effective factor in the incidence of dental caries. One of the common methods for assessment of the cariogenic potential of food products is the study of plaque pH changes in the oral environment. The present study was performed due to the importance of dental plaque and its known complications and also the increase in consumption of industrial fruit juices which are encouraged nowadays as healthy drinks and also the positive effect of pomegranate juice on the amount of dental plaque which has been mentioned in the reports. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed with crossover design. Complete prophylaxis was performed during the first session. Then, the participants were asked to refrain from oral hygiene methods for 48 hours and not to eat or drink for at least 2 hours before the experiment. The baseline plaque pH was measured, and afterwards 10 cc of fruit juice was kept in mouth for 2 minutes and then swallowed. Afterwards, plaque pH was measured at time intervals of 2, 5, 7, 10 and 30 minutes. After one week of wash out period, the participants were again evaluated by the same method and with the other type of fruit juice. The measurement of plaque pH was performed with microtouch method by use of Metrohm electrode. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Results: pH in pomegranate juice group before fruit juice intake equaled 6.73± 0.24 and reached 5.57±0.34 at the fifth minute and finally reached 6.19±0.32 at the 30th minute (p˂0.01). Also, in orange juice group, pH before intake equaled 6.16±6.8 and reached 5.62±0.17 at the seventh minute and 6.15±0.2 at the 30th minute (p˂0.01). The maximum fall in pH for both fruit juices occurred at the fifth and seventh minutes. pH after consumption of both fruit juices began to increase from the tenth minute. These two fruit juices were not significantly different regarding plaque pH at the zero minute and at the time of maximum pH fall and at the 30th minute. (p˂0.08) Conclusion: The results showed that plaque pH after consumption of both fruit juices falls below the critical level for seven minutes and this decline is similar for both fruit juices.},  
Keywords = {dental plaque,fruit juice,cariogenicity, pH,pomegranate,orange},
volume = {1},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {23-27}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jrdms.1.3.23},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Azizi, A and Dabirmoghadam, P and Keykha, F},  
title = {Comparison of the Concentration of Salivary IL-8 in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Healthy Subjects}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: oral cancer is one of the most common cancers of the head and neck. Considering the high prevalence and mortality percentage of oral cancer and the significant advances in immunology and identification of different cytokines, the aim of the present study was to compare the concentration of IL8 in saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy subjects. Materials and methods: in this case-control study, 20 individuals with a definite histopathology diagnosis of OSCC were selected as the case group and 20 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The two groups were matched according to age, gender, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, medication consumption, periodontal disease (average CAL in first molars) and absence of systemic diseases. 5 ml of unstimulated whole saliva sample was collected with spitting method from each subject and the concentrations of salivary IL8 were compared between the two groups. Linear regression and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: the concentration of IL8 equaled 741.82±722.81 pg/ml in the case group and 341.25±313.52 pg/ml in the control group and Mann-U-Whitney test showed that the concentration of IL8 in patients with OSCC is higher than that in the control subjects and this difference is significant. (p=0.049) According to regression equation, IL8 has a significant correlation with tumor size index (T). (p=0.011) Conclusion: the results of this study showed that the concentrations of salivary IL8 were significantly different between the patients with OSCC and healthy subjects (p=0.049) and the concentration of IL8 has a significant correlation with tumor size (T).},  
Keywords = {Interleukin 8, oral squamous cell carcinoma, saliva},
volume = {1},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {28-32}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jrdms.1.3.28},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-128-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-128-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Roghanizad, N and Khalilak, Z and Vatanpour, M and Haghi, S and Alirezayi, P and Movassagh, Z},  
title = {The Effect of Autoclave Sterilization on the Fracture Resistance of ProTaper Rotary Files}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of autoclave sterilization on the fracture rate of ProTaper instruments (ex vivo). Materials and methods: One hundred shaping and finishing ProTaper instruments were used in a crown – down technique for cleaning and shaping the mesial canals of extracted mandibular molars using 5.25% NaOCl for irrigation. In the experimental group, 50 files were steam autoclaved before each use. In the control group, the files were not exposed to the sterilization process. The working time was reported for each file. Independent t- test was employed to evaluate the statistical significance of the measured values. Results: The instruments that underwent the sterilization processes did not show any statistically significant differences in comparison with those of the control group. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that sterilization in autoclave in the presence of NaOCl did not lead to a decrease in survival time of the files.},  
Keywords = {Autoclave, Fracture, Nickel Titanium, rotary instrument, ProTaper, Sterilization},
volume = {1},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {33-37}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jrdms.1.3.33},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-116-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-116-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sarlati, F and Simdar, N and Razzaghi, SH and Shariatmadarahmadi, R and Shabahangfar, MR},  
title = {Comparative Evaluation of Immediate Effect of Root Instrumentation with Curettes and Mini-Insert Ultrasonic Scalers on Clinical Attachment Level}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Toothbrushes cannot reach all interdental areas. Interdental cleaning is an important part of oral hygiene care. The purpose of this study was to compare the supragingival plaque removal efficacy of an interdental cleaning power device (Aquajet) and dental floss. Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects were enrolled in this single-blind, split mouth clinical trial. All the subjects received both written and verbal instructions and demonstrated proficiency prior to the study. The subjects were asked to abstain from oral hygiene methods for 48 hours prior to the study. The subjects were scored using the Proximal/Marginal Plaque Index (PMI). Then, the four oral quadrants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: One upper and one lower quadrant: Aquajet and the other two quadrants: dental floss.  The subjects were observed to ensure that they have covered all areas and have followed the instructions. Afterwards, they were scored again using the PMI. The pre and post-cleaning plaque scores were evaluated using two-way repeated measure ANOVA. Results: Both Aquajet and dental floss showed significant reduction of the baseline PMI in all dental areas (P<0.05), but the difference between the groups was not significant (P>0.05). Aquajet was significantly more effective than dental floss in reducing plaque on the mesial, mid-buccal and distal surfaces of upper first premolar and on the mesial and distal surfaces of upper second premolar and first molar (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results proved that oral irrigation with Aquajet is as effective as that with dental floss in plaque removal, and that Aquajet had significantly higher plaque removal efficacy at hard-to-reach dental surfaces.},  
Keywords = {water flosser , periodontium, plaque index},
volume = {1},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {38-43}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jrdms.1.3.38},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salem, K and Ezaani, P},  
title = {Radiographic Evaluation of the Developmental Stages of Second and Third Molars in 7 to 11-Year-old Children and its Implication
in the Treatment of First Molars with Poor Prognosis}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: First permanent molars with poor prognosis may be candidate for timely extraction and replacement by second permanent molars. The presence of third molars should be considered in this treatment plan. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the critical developmental stages of permanent second molar and the status of third molar bud in an Iranian population. Materials and methods: Four hundred panoramic radiographs of 7 to 11-year-old children were evaluated in this descriptive study. Data were collected from patients’ files and through phone interview with parents. The stage of tooth development in each age group was determined according to the modified Demirjian method. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed Rank test and Chi-Square test. Results: Stage E (beginning of root formation) in permanent second molars had the highest prevalence among 8 and 9-year-olds in the mandible, and among 9 and 10-year-olds in the maxilla. The predominant stage of development in third molar buds was stage 0 (no evidence of bud formation) in the corresponding age groups. There was no significant difference between boys and girls in terms of developmental stages. Mandibular second and third molars were more advanced than maxillary molars in terms of development, with no gender predilection. Conclusion: The beginning of calcification in the furcation area of permanent second molar (Stage E, between 8 to 10 years of age) is the most proper stage to coincide with first molar extraction. However, during this time period, the signs of third molar bud formation are not detectable in many individuals, especially in the maxillary arch.},  
Keywords = {Demirjian method,
Permanent molar,
Extraction,
Mixed dentition},
volume = {1},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {1-8}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.4.1},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sakhdari, SH and JafariNaini, AH and kharazi, MH and Najafi, N},  
title = {Evaluating the Correlation between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Dental Age in 6 to 13-Yyear-Old Children}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Methods of age estimation with the aid of radiography have higher accuracy compared with other methods. Some investigations have been performed in this regard, but the correlation between dental development and Body Mass Index (BMI) has been limitedly researched. In the present study, the correlation between dental development and BMI in the children referring to the dental school of Islamic Azad University of Tehran was evaluated with the use of panoramic radiography. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, panoramic radiographs of 104 children aged 6 to 13 years were evaluated. The date of radiography minus the birth date was used to determine the chronologic age for each child and then, this age was compared with the dental age estimated by the Demirjian method. Afterwards, the height and weight of the children were measured and the BMI was calculated for each subject. The difference between the estimated dental age and the chronologic age of the subjects was analyzed according to gender and BMI classification. Statistical analyses were performed using the ANOVA test, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression. Results: In the 104 samples, the difference between the estimated dental age and the chronologic age was not significant (p=0.516). The dental age in normal weight children was lower than the chronologic age while in obese children, it was higher than the chronologic age (p=0.00001). The correlation coefficient of the estimated dental age using the Demirjian method and the chronologic age in normal weight and obese boys was 0.936 and 0.901, respectively, while in normal weight and obese girls, it equaled 0.916 and 0.942, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that dental development is accelerated in obese children.},  
Keywords = {panoramic radiography, body mass index, age, dental development},
volume = {1},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {9-15}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.4.9},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-139-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-139-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sarlati, F and Azizi, A and Zokaei, N and MohagheghDolatabadi, N and HasanzadeganRoudsari, M and MoradiHajiabadi, AR},  
title = {Comparison of the Plaque Removal Efficacy of Aquajet Water Flosser and Dental Floss in Adults After a Single Use. (A PrelimiNary Study)}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Toothbrushes cannot reach all interdental areas. Interdental cleaning is an important part of oral hygiene care. The purpose of this study was to compare the supragingival plaque removal efficacy of an interdental cleaning power device (Aquajet) and dental floss. Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects were enrolled in this single-blind, split mouth clinical trial. All the subjects received both written and verbal instructions and demonstrated proficiency prior to the study. The subjects were asked to abstain from oral hygiene methods for 48 hours prior to the study. The subjects were scored using the Proximal/Marginal Plaque Index (PMI). Then, the four oral quadrants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: One upper and one lower quadrant: Aquajet and the other two quadrants: dental floss.  The subjects were observed to ensure that they have covered all areas and have followed the instructions. Afterwards, they were scored again using the PMI. The pre and post-cleaning plaque scores were evaluated using two-way repeated measure ANOVA. Results: Both Aquajet and dental floss showed significant reduction of the baseline PMI in all dental areas (P<0.05), but the difference between the groups was not significant (P>0.05). Aquajet was significantly more effective than dental floss in reducing plaque on the mesial, mid-buccal and distal surfaces of upper first premolar and on the mesial and distal surfaces of upper second premolar and first molar (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results proved that oral irrigation with Aquajet is as effective as that with dental floss in plaque removal, and that Aquajet had significantly higher plaque removal efficacy at hard-to-reach dental surfaces.},  
Keywords = {water flosser, periodontium, plaque index},
volume = {1},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {16-25}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.4.16},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shariatmadarahmadi, R and Avadi, MR and Dastani, A},  
title = {Evaluating the Effect of EMLA Anesthetic Gel on the Level of Pain upon Probing in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Probing is the only reliable method for diagnosing periodontal diseases; however, it is a painful examination. The purpose of this study was evaluation of the effect of EMLA anesthetic gel on the level of pain upon probing in patients with chronic periodontitis referring to the periodontology department of the dental branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran during 2013-2014. Materials and methods: This double-blind split mouth clinical trial involved 20 eligible patients. All the teeth in two quadrants of each patient's mouth were randomly selected to be either treated with the anesthetic gel or the placebo and were probed in six points. Afterwards, the level of pain was measured using the VAS ruler. Thirty seconds after applying the gel and probing, the pain was measured again and registered. Results: The levels of pain before and after using the gel were compared using the statistical tests. The levels of pain before and after using the placebo gel were 5.4±1.8 and 5.1±1.8, respectively and pain variations in this group equaled 0.25±0.9 (P= 0.4). The levels of pain before and after using the anesthetic gel were 5.65±1.7 and 2.1±1.2, respectively. Pain variations in this group equaled 3.55±1.3 and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that EMLA anesthetic gel is effective in reducing the pain upon probing.},  
Keywords = {EMLA, gel,placebo, periodontal pocket},
volume = {1},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {26-31}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.4.26},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {TalayiPour, AR and Hafezi, L and Yarahmadi, A and Ghaznavi, A and Iranparvar, A and Sahabi, L},  
title = {Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Digital Intraoral Radiography with PSP and CBCT in the Detection of Horizontal and Vertical Dental Root Fractures}, 
abstract ={Background and Aim: Clinical and radiographic diagnoses of dental root fractures have always been difficult and require high accuracy in dental care and treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of intraoral digital radiography (PSP) and CBCT in the detection of horizontal and vertical root fractures (HRF and VRF). Materials and Methods: For this experimental study, 60 human mandibular teeth (30 anterior and 30 posterior multi-rooted teeth) were selected. Thirty randomly-selected teeth were fractured horizontally while the next 30 randomly-selected teeth were fractured vertically by use of a hammer and then the pieces were glued back together and were placed in a sheep mandible. Radiographic images of all the teeth were taken using intraoral digital radiography (PSP) and CBCT methods. Afterwards, two oral and maxillofacial radiologists assessed the images separately. The data were subjected to diagnostic analytic tests. Results: There were significant differences in specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value between digital intraoral radiography (PSP) and CBCT in the detection of HRF and VRF. Kappa value for inter-observer and intra-observer agreement in VRF equaled 73.3% for CBCT and 54.2% for PSP, while in HRF it equaled 63.3% for CBCT and 55.4% for PSP. Conclusion: CBCT method has higher specificity and sensitivity in the detection of HRF and VRF compared with intraoral digital radiography.},  
Keywords = {Intraoral digital radiography, Photostimulable Phosphor Plate, Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Horizontal root fracture, Vertical root fracture},
volume = {1},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {32-38}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.4.32},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abdal, KH and Salehinejad, J and Mostafazadeh, S},  
title = {Evaluating the Frequency of Clinical and Microscopic Views of Basal Cell Carcinoma in a 10-Year Period}, 
abstract ={Background and aim: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin neoplasm and the most common type of cancer. Since the incidence of injury is taken into consideration in the pathologic diagnosis, the study of clinical and microscopic views of BCC is of particular importance. The present study aimed at determining the frequency of clinical and microscopic views of BCC in a 10-year period in Ilam province. Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive. The study population consisted of all the subjects with BCC in the head and neck area referring to the pathology department of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ilam province in a 10-year period. The data were entered into SPSS 19 software and were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and Chi-Square test. Results: In the present study, 205 patients were diagnosed with BCC. The maximum and minimum frequency rates of the lesion were detected in the frontal area (9.23%) and neck (8.7%), respectively. The maximum frequency was related to the nodular type (57.1%), while the pigmented variant showed the lowest rate (8.3%). Among the evaluated microscopic variants, maximum views were related to the solid-cystic type (57.1%), while minimum views were related to the pigmented variant (37.3%). There was no significant correlation between the location of the lesion in males and females (p=0.14) or between the location of the lesion and age (p=0.16). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the nodular type was the most common clinical variant of BCC, while the least common type was the pigmented variant. The most common histological type was the solid-cystic type, while the pigmented variant was the least common type.  },  
Keywords = {skin neoplasms, Basal Cell Carcinoma, cancer},
volume = {1},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {39-44}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.4.39},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Basirat, M and pakfetrat, A and Kakaei, N and Rohani, B and bashardoust, N},  
title = {Crohn’s Disease with Oral Onset - A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Background: Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including the mouth. Bowel symptoms are predominant. Oral involvement may precede the GI symptoms. This case report presents a patient affected by Crohn’s disease with oral onset. Case presentation: We present a 30-year-old pregnant woman complaining of chronic, multiple, yellow-white crusted ulcers predominantly involving the lips. In addition, there were small painless lesions on the palate, buccal and labial attached gingivae, alveolar mucosa and vestibule. The lesions were present since 3 months ago. The patient had not previously experienced any oral lesions or systemic diseases. The laboratory tests were normal.  Laboratory investigation showed increase in neutrophil and eosinophil count. Incisional biopsy of the buccal mucosal lesions was performed. In histopathological examination, acanthotic and parakeratotic epithelium with intraepithelial clefts was observed. Inflammatory cells such as eosinophil and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were profoundly present in the clefts and diffusely in the epithelium. Blood vessels, collagen fibers and in-depth muscle and fat tissues were also observed. Based on these characteristics, the diagnosis of pyostomatitis vegetans was made. Considering the biopsy results and the presence of GI symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea after postpartum, Crohn’s disease was suspected and therefore, the patient was referred to a gastroenterologist for definitive diagnosis and treatment. The patient showed the diagnostic signs of Crohn’s disease. Conclusion: This report emphasizes the important role of oral lesions as the first sign in the diagnosis of systemic diseases.    },  
Keywords = {Crohn’s disease, oral manifestation},
volume = {1},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {45-51}, 
publisher = {Islamic Azad University Dental Branch },

doi = {10.29252/jrdms.1.4.45},
url = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences},  
issn = {2588-4166}, 
eissn = {2383-2754}, 
year = {2016}  
}