Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences

en In Vitro Quantification of Residual Calcium Hydroxide Mixed with Different Carriers After Root Canal Irrigation with Three Different Techniques Endodontics Endodontics Original article Original article <div style="text-align: justify;">Abstract Background and Aim: This study quantified the amount of residual calcium hydroxide (CH) mixed with saline, propylene glycol (PG), nano-silver (NS), and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) carriers after root canal irrigation with the conventional needle (CN), safe-end needle (SEN), and ultrasonic irrigation (UI).    Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the root canals of 190 single-rooted premolars were instrumented with Mtwo, and longitudinally sectioned in half. After smear layer removal, the root canals were filled with CH mixed with either saline, PG, 0.2% CHX, or NS. CH was removed with CN irrigation, SEN irrigation, or UI. The residual CH was quantified in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds using a stereomicroscope. The penetration depth of CH into dentinal tubules was measured under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using three-way and one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s test (alpha=0.05).    Results: The effects of carrier type (P=0.0001), irrigation technique (P=0.0001), and distance from the apex (P=0.0001) were significant on the residual CH percentage. The efficacy of UI was slightly superior to other techniques in saline and CHX groups in the coronal third, and the NS group in the middle third. The irrigation technique had a significant effect on residual CH in the coronal and middle thirds, and no significant effect on the penetration depth of CH. The penetration depth of CH was not significantly different among different carrier groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of UI in removal of CH was variable, depending on the carrier type and distance from the apex.  </div> Calcium Hydroxide, Needles, Root Canal Therapy, Therapeutic Irrigation, Ultrasonics 274 284 http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1247-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Parisa Bagheri pbagheri@tums.ac.ir 100319475328460016095 100319475328460016095 No Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnam Bolhari behnambolhari@yahoo.com 100319475328460016096 100319475328460016096 No Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Naghme Meraji meraji_n@yahoo.com 100319475328460016097 100319475328460016097 No Private Endodontist, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Javad Kharazifard Kharrazi_mohammad@yahoo.com 100319475328460016098 100319475328460016098 No Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali Morsali sasanaryanezhad@yahoo.com 100319475328460016099 100319475328460016099 No Dentist, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Sasan Aryanezhad ariasasan7@gmail.com 100319475328460016100 100319475328460016100 Yes Oral & maxillofacial radiologist, Department of Oral & maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran