en pediatric pediatric Randomized Clinical Trial <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:" verdana=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Background and Aim</span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:" verdana=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:" verdana="">Various medications are used for intravenous (IV) sedation in pediatric dentistry. This study evaluated the efficacy of IV midazolam/ketamine (MK) versus propofol/ketamine (PK) for dental sedation of uncooperative children. &nbsp;</span></span></span>&nbsp;</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:" verdana=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Materials and Methods: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:" verdana="">This double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 22 healthy, uncooperative children aged 2-6 years requiring two similar dental treatment sessions. Children were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A received PK in their first, and MK in their second visit. Group B received the same combinations in a reverse order. Oxygen saturation rate (SPO2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at baseline, at the time of IV administration, local anesthetic injection, 15 and 30 minutes later, and at the time of discharge. Two independent calibrated pedodontists scored the sedation level using the Houpt scale during treatment. Data were analyzed by t-test, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. </span></span></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:" verdana=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Results: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:" verdana=""><span style="color:#0e101a">The mean age of the participants was 3.6 years with a mean weight of 15.68 kg. SPO2 was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.609). However, the HR was significantly higher in the MK combination (P=0.001). No significant difference was detected between the two combinations for sleepiness (P=0.283), movement (P=0.180), crying (P=0.093), or overall behavior (P=0.364). The recovery time in the PK group was significantly shorter than that in the MK group (P=0.03).</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:" verdana=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:" verdana=""><span style="color:#0e101a">Both sedation regimens are effective for dental treatment of uncooperative children. PK combination provided a more acceptable hemodynamic stability and shorter recovery.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> Deep Sedation, Conscious Sedation, Pediatric Dentistry, Anesthetics, Dissociative, Midazolam, Ketamine, Propofol 125 133 http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1533-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ahmad Eghbali Zarch aeghbali@gmail.com 100319475328460014949 100319475328460014949 No Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Narjes Amiri Tehranizadeh narjesamiri@gmail.com 100319475328460014950 100319475328460014950 No Private Pediatric Dentistry Practice, Tehran, Iran. Ghassem Ansari profgansari@gmail.com 100319475328460014951 100319475328460014951 No Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Fallahinejad Ghajari masfalnegh@sbmu.ac.ir 100319475328460014952 100319475328460014952 Yes Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.