en Oral & maxillofacial surgery Oral & maxillofacial surgery Original article Original article <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span dir="LTR">Background and Aim: </span></strong><span dir="LTR">The complications of unwanted surface roughness of composite restorations are highly common due to the increasing use of this restorative material. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the effect of four finishing and polishing (F&P) tools on surface roughness of microhybrid resin composites.</span><br> <strong><span dir="LTR">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span dir="LTR">This experimental study was performed on 42 samples of CLEARFIL&trade; AP-X ​​microhybrid composite, which were divided into four groups of different F&P methods and one control group as follows: control (n=2), Flexi-D discs (n=10), Flexi-D + diamond polishing paste (n=10), Intensive twisted rubber polisher (n=10), and Rubber Polisher Teco (n=10). The samples were examined by profilometry. Surface roughness (Ra) of each specimen was measured at three points, and the mean value was considered as surface roughness. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc statistical tests.</span><br> <strong><span dir="LTR">Results: </span></strong><span dir="LTR">The surface roughness of composite discs</span> <span dir="LTR">in an ascending order</span> <span dir="LTR">was as follows: control (0.048&plusmn;0.014 &micro;m), Flexi-D disc (0.179&plusmn;0.132</span> <span dir="LTR">&micro;m), Intensive twisted rubber polisher (0.233&plusmn;0.105</span> <span dir="LTR">&micro;m), Flexi-D disc with diamond polishing paste (0.232&plusmn;0.141</span> <span dir="LTR">&micro;m), and Rubber Polisher Teco (0.251&plusmn;0.087 &micro;m; P=0.001). The difference between the two groups of Flexi-D disc with diamond polishing paste and Rubber Polisher Teco was not statistically significant (P=0.742). The level of surface roughness in Flexi-D samples was significantly lower than that of the other samples (P<0.05).</span><br> <strong><span dir="LTR">Conclusion: </span></strong><span dir="LTR">It seems that the Flexi-D disc is the best F&P tool for microhybrid resin composites.</span></div> Dental Polishing / Instrumentation, Composite Resin, Surface Properties, Materials Testing 26 31 http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-708-6&slc_lang=en&sid=1 S Nemati Anaraki 10031947532846009754 10031947532846009754 No Assistant professor, Restorative Dept, faculty of Dentistry,Tehran medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran H Kazemi 10031947532846009755 10031947532846009755 No Assistant professor, Restorative Dept, faculty of Dentistry,Tehran medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Z GHafari 10031947532846009756 10031947532846009756 No Dentist Z Naser 10031947532846009757 10031947532846009757 No Dentist T Bitaraf taherehbitaraf@yahoo.com 10031947532846009758 10031947532846009758 Yes Assistant professor, Dental Implant Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran