Volume 1, Issue 2 (6-2016)                   J Res Dent Maxillofac Sci 2016, 1(2): 1-6 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Rabiei M, Yousefbeyk F, Ghasemi S, Pirzamanbin S. An investigation on How Community Pharmacies and Herbalist’s Shops manage patients with probable Oral Cancer. J Res Dent Maxillofac Sci 2016; 1 (2) :1-6
URL: http://jrdms.dentaliau.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.html
1- Associate Professor, Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine Dept,Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
2- Assistant Professor, Pharmcognosy Dept, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. , yousefbeik@razi.tums.ac.ir
3- Assistant Professor, Medicinal Chemistry Dept, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
4- Dentist
Abstract:   (5551 Views)

Background and aim: Oral cancer is a serious health problem, mainly in cases with late diagnosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of community pharmacists, community pharmacy assistants and herbalists in late stage diagnosis of oral cancer.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study by the standardized simulated patient approach was undertaken to investigate the recommendation given to a potential cancer patient at pharmacies and herbalists’ shops in Rasht, Iran. The introductory statement was "My father is 63 years old and he is a smoker who has a painful ulceration on his tongue for about 6 months which wasn’t painful at first but is painful now. What would be your recommendation? "All the responses were noted and transferred to data sheets. The recommendations were analyzed separately and then grouped. Recommended therapies and their administrations were also recorded.

Results: The results showed that 73% of community pharmacies referred patients to primary medical care systems. Community pharmacists and community pharmacy assistants had closely equal roles (74.3% and 72.5%, respectively). Contrariwise, only 7.1% of herbalists referred patients with oral ulcers to a physician or a dentist. Almost 10% of the pharmacies recommended OTC drugs only and 11% prescribed medications combined with referral to a medical or dental practitioner for consultation. In reverse, 78.6% of herbalists recommended an OTC remedy and none of them advised patients to visit a GP or dentist accompanied by prescribing an herbal remedy.

Conclusions: Herbalists have a potential role in diagnostic delay in patients with oral cancer.

Full-Text [PDF 269 kb]   (1714 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (919 Views)  
Type of Study: Original article | Subject: Radiology

References
1. Adebola RA, Bamgbose BO, Adeoye JB, Amole TG. Awareness of Oral Cancer in a Northwestern Nigerian State: Assessing the Knowledge, Opinion, and Practice of Traditional Healers and Herbalists. J Oral Oncol 2013;2013:1-8.
2. Varela-Centelles P, Pedrosa R, Lopez-Niño J, Sánchez M, Gonzalez-Mosquera A, Mendez A, et al. Oral cancer awareness at chemist’s and herbalist’s shops: New targets for educational interventions to prevent diagnostic delay. Oral Oncol 2012(12);48:1272-5.
3. Mehrotra R, Yadav S. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: etiology, pathogenesis and prognostic value of genomic alterations. Indian J Cancer 2006;43(2):60-6.
4. Greenlee RT, Hill-Harmon MB, Murray T, Thun M. Cancer statistics, 2001.
5. CA Cancer J Clin 2001;51(1):15-36.
6. Rogers SN, Lowe D, Catleugh M, Edwards D. An oral cancer awareness intervention in community pharmacy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010 Oct;48(7):498-502.
7. Rogers SN, Pabla R, McSorley A, Lowe D, Brown JS, Vaughan ED. An assessment of deprivation as a factor in the delays in presentation, diagnosis and treatment in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2007;43(7): 648-55.
8. Scully C, Gill Y, Gill Z. How community pharmacy staff manage a patient with possible oral cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989;27(1):16-21
9. Evans MJ, Gibbons AJ. Advice given in community pharmacies to patients with possible oral carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;43(3):253-5.
10. Hassell K, Noyce PR, Rogers A, Harris J, Wilkinson J. A pathway to the GP: the pharmaceutical'consultation'as a first port of call in primary health care. Fam Pract 1997;14(6):498-502.
11. Al‐Windi A. Predictors of herbal medicine use in a Swedish health practice. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004;13(7):489-96.
12. Kerdpon, D, Sriplung H. "Factors related to delay in diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in southern Thailand." Oral Oncol 2001 Feb;37(2):127-31.
13. Scott SE, Grunfeld EA, McGurk M. "Patient's delay in oral cancer: a systematic review." Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2006;34(5):337-43
14. Rabiei M , Basirat M , Rezvani SM. Trends in the incidence of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer (ICD00‐14) in Guilan, North of Iran. J Oral Pathol Med 2016;45(4):275-80.
15. Sargeran K, Murtomaa H, Safavi SM, Vehkalahti M, Teronen O. Malignant oral tumors in Iran: ten-year analysis on patient and tumor characteristics of 1042 patients in Tehran. J Craniofac Surg 2006;17(6): 1230-3.
16. Elujoba A. A, Odeleye O. M , Ogunyemi C. M. Traditional medicine development for medical and dental primary health care delivery system in Africa. African Ethnomedicines Network 2005;2(1):46-61.
17. Rajabalian S, Mohammadi M, Mozaffari B. Cytotoxicity evaluation of Persica mouthwash on cultured human and mouse cell lines in the presence and absence of fetal calf serum. Indian J Dent Res . 2009 ;20(2):169-73.
18. Moeintaghavi A, Arab H, Khajekaramodini M, Hosseini R, Danesteh H, Niknami H. In vitro antimicrobial comparison of chlorhexidine, persica mouthwash and miswak extract . J Contemp Dent Pract 2012 1;13(2):147-52.
19. Shahidi Bonjar G.H, Aghighi S, Karimi Nik A. Antibacterial and antifungal survey in plants used in indigenous herbal-medicine of south east regions of Iran. J Biol Sc 2004;4(3) 405-412.
20. Kamal Rai A, Joshi R. Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula against dental caries pathogens. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 2009; 2(3): 105-111.
21. Bruno JJ, Ellis JJ. Herbal use among US elderly: 2002 national health interview survey. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39(4):643-8.

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences

Designed & Developed by: Yektaweb